HUMAN ANATOMY

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HUMAN ANATOMY
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Muscles

• Muscles pull on the joints, allowing us to move
  in many different ways.
• They also help the body perform other functions
  so we can grow and remain strong, such as chewing
  food and then moving it through the digestive
  system.
• The human body has more than 650 muscles, which
  make up half of a person's body weight.
• Muscles are connected to bones by tough,
  cord-like tissues called tendons, which allow the
  muscles to pull on bones. If you wiggle your
  fingers, you can see the tendons on the back of
  your hand move as they do their work.

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Types of Muscle

• 3 TYPES OF MUSCLES
• 1) Smooth muscle
• 2) Cardiac muscle
• 3) Skeletal muscle

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Smooth Muscle

• Smooth muscles sometimes also called involuntary
  muscles. You can't control this type of muscle.
  Your brain and body tell these muscles what to do
  without you even thinking about it. You can't use
  your smooth muscles to make a muscle in your arm
  or jump into the air.
• But smooth muscles are at work all over your
  body. In your stomach and digestive system, they
  contract (tighten up) and relax to allow food to
  make its journey through the body. Your smooth
  muscles come in handy if you're sick and you need
  to throw up. The muscles push the food back out
  of the stomach so it comes up through the
  esophagus and out of the mouth.
• Smooth muscles are also found in your bladder.
  When they're relaxed, they allow you to hold in
  urine (pee) until you can get to the bathroom.
  Then they contract so that you can push the urine
  out.
• These muscles are also in a woman's uterus, which
  is where a baby develops. There they help to push
  the baby out of the mother's body when it's time
  to be born.You'll find smooth muscles at work
  behind the scenes in your eyes, too. These
  muscles keep the eyes focused.

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Cardiac Muscle

• The muscle that makes up the heart is called
  cardiac muscle. It is also known as the
  myocardium.
• The thick muscles of the heart contract to pump
  blood out and then relax to let blood back in
  after it has circulated through the body.
• Just like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle works all
  by itself with no help from you. A special group
  of cells within the heart are known as the
  pacemaker of the heart because they control the
  heartbeat.

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Skeletal Muscle

• Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, which
  means you can control what they do. Your leg
  won't bend to kick the soccer ball unless you
  want it to.
• These muscles help to make up the musculoskeletal
  system the combination of your muscles and your
  skeleton, or bones. Together, the skeletal
  muscles work with your bones to give your body
  power and strength.
• In most cases, a skeletal muscle is attached to
  one end of a bone. It stretches all the way
  across a joint (the place where two bones meet)
  and then attaches again to another bone.
• Skeletal muscles are held to the bones with the
  help of tendons (say ten-dunz). Tendons are
  cords made of tough tissue, and they work as
  special connector pieces between bone and muscle.
  The tendons are attached so well that when you
  contract one of your muscles, the tendon and bone
  move along with it.
• Skeletal muscles come in many different sizes and
  shapes to allow them to do many types of jobs..

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Joints

• Joints allow our bodies to move in many ways.
• Some joints open and close like a hinge (such as
  knees and elbows), whereas others allow for more
  complicated movement a shoulder or hip joint,
  for example, allows for backward, forward,
  sideways, and rotating movement.
• There are 3 types of joints
• Immovable joints
• Partially movable joints
• Freely movable joints

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Immovable Joints

• These are joints that don't move.
• The dome of the skull, for example, is made of
  bony plates, which must be immovable to protect
  the brain. Between the edges of these plates are
  links, or joints, of fibrous tissue.
• Fibrous joints also hold the teeth in the jawbone.

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Partially Movable Joints

• These are joints that move a little.
• They are linked by cartilage, as in the spine.
  Each of the vertebrae in the spine moves in
  relation to the one above and below it, and
  together these movements give the spine its
  flexibility.

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Freely Movable Joints

• These are joints that move in many directions.
• The main joints of the body found at the hip,
  shoulders, elbows, knees, wrists, and ankles
  are freely movable.
• They are filled with synovial fluid, which acts
  as a lubricant to help the joints move easily.
• There are three kinds of freely movable joints
  that play a big part in voluntary movement
• Hinge joints allow movement in one direction, as
  seen in the knees and elbows
• Pivot joints allow a rotating or twisting motion,
  like that of the head moving from side to side.
• Ball-and-socket joints allow the greatest freedom
  of movement. The hips and shoulders have this
  type of joint, in which the round end of a long
  bone fits into the hollow of another bone.

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Major Muscles
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis
Biceps
Triceps
Rectus Abdominis
Obliques
Quadriceps
Gluteus Maximus
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
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Trapezius

• Function to move the scapulae and support the
  arm.
• Daily uses shrugging shoulders, and overhead
  movements
• Common Exercises
• Shrugs
• Reverse fly

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Deltoid

• Function The deltoid muscle is used in all side
  lifting movements and any movement of the upper
  arm.
• Daily Uses lifting
• Common Exercises
• Lateral Raise
• Front Raise

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Pectoralis

• Function Its main function is to bring the upper
  arm across the chest.
• Daily Uses lifting, using roll on deodorant
• Common Exercises
• Bench Press
• Dumbbell Flies

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Biceps

• Function main function is to bring the forearm
  up towards the shoulder
• Daily Uses Picking up your backpack
• Common Exercises
• Bicep Curl
• Preacher Curl

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Triceps

• Function To straighten the arm at the elbow
• Daily Use pushing a door closed
• Common Exercise
• Tricep Extension
• Tricep Dips

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Rectus Abdominus

• Function To bring your chest down towards your
  mid-section. Or to bring your mid-section up
  towards your chest.
• Daily Use Getting from a lying position to
  standing up.
• Common Exercise
• Crunches
• Leg raises

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Obliques

• Function Bends the upper body towards leg (on 1
  side) or twisting the body.
• Daily Use Raking leaves
• Common Exercises
• Twisting Crunches
• Side Bends

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Quadriceps

• Function To straighten the leg at the knee
• Daily Use Walking
• Common Exercise
• Leg Extensions
• Squats

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Gluteus Maximus

• Function Moving the thigh to the rear.
• Daily Use Walking up stairs
• Common Exercises
• Lunges
• Leg Press

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Hamstrings

• Function Flexing the leg at the knee, and
  bringing the upper leg to the rear.
• Daily Use Walking
• Common Exercise
• Leg Curls
• Squats

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Gastrocnemius

• Function Elevate the heel.
• Daily Use Walking, and standing on your toes.
• Common Exercises
• Calf Raises
• Seated Calf Raises