BRAIN ANATOMY TUTORIAL

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BRAIN ANATOMY TUTORIAL
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arbor vitae of the cerebellum (Latin for "Tree of
Life") is the cerebellar white matter, so called
for its branched, tree-like appearance. It brings
sensory and motor information to and from the
cerebellum.
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The stem-like part of the base of the brain that
is connected to the spinal cord. The brain stem
controls the flow of messages between the brain
and the rest of the body, and it also controls
basic body functions such as breathing,
swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure,
consciousness, and whether one is awake or
sleepy. The brain stem consists of the midbrain,
pons, and medulla oblongata.
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The central sulcus is a fold in the cerebral
cortex of brains in vertebrates. Also called the
central fissure. The central sulcus is a
prominent landmark of the brain, separating the
parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
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Cerebellum responsible for the coordination of
movement and balance.
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Cerebrum The largest portion of the brain,
divided into two hemispheres that each contain
four lobes. Its functions include speech, memory,
vision, personality and muscle control in certain
parts of the body. It is broken into 4 lobes.
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• Cingulate gyrus fold or bump in the brain
  functions
• Coordinates Sensory Input With Emotions
• Emotional Responses to Pain
• Regulates Aggressive Behavior

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Corpus callosum structure in the mammalian brain
that connects the left and right cerebral
hemispheres. It is the largest white matter
structure in the brain.
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Corpus callosum
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Corpus callosum
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Fornix a fibrous arching band connecting the
two lobes of the cerebrum located beneath the
corpus callosum. Connects the Hippocampus to the
Hypothalamus
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Fornix
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Fourth ventricle
The fourth ventricle is one of the four connected
fluid-filled (CSF) cavities within the human
brain.
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Frontal lobe - The largest and most anterior
part of each cerebral hemisphere. responsible for
emotions, personality, memory, and skills
associated with problem solving, planning, and
self regulation. The frontal lobe also includes
the motor strip, which controls muscles in the
limbs and face.
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Hippocampus    involved in spatial function both
in the narrow sense, such as in providing a
spatial mapping of the environment through we
navigate, and in humans in a broader sense,
providing a space within which concepts are
organized. Early degenerative changes in the
hippocampus, as are seen in Alzheimers disease
are thought responsible for one of the earlier
behavioral signs of the disease - having
difficulties in finding your way and orienting
yourself in the environment.
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Hippocampus   The name derives from its curved
shape in coronal sections of the brain, which
resembles a seahorse (Greek hippos horse,
kampi curve).  
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The hypothalamus links the nervous system to the
endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The
hypothalamus regulates homeostasis. It has
regulatory areas for thirst, hunger, body
temperature, water balance, and blood pressure.
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hypothalamus
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hypothalamus
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hypothalamus
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• Lateral ventricle The lateral ventricles are
  two curved shaped cavities located within the
  cerebrum. Function
• Protects the Brain From Trauma
• Provides Pathway for the Circulation of
  Cerebrospinal Fluid

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Lateral ventricle
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The mammillary bodies are a pair of small round
bodies, located on the undersurface of the brain,
that form part of the hypothalamus. The
mammillary bodies are parts of the brain known to
be significantly damaged by alcohol intoxication,
especially by chronic alcohol abuse.
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mammillary bodies
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Medulla ( medulla oblongata) is the lower portion
of the brainstem. It is responsible for
controlling several major autonomic functions of
the body, including respiration, blood pressure,
heart rate, and reflex arcs.
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Midbrain - The midbrain serves as the nerve
pathway of the cerebral hemispheres and contains
auditory and visual reflex centers
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Mid brain
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Mid brain
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Occipital lobe of cerebrum is the visua
processing center of the mammalian brain.
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Olfactory bulb - one of two clusters of olfactory
neurons at the base of the brain (one on the left
and one on the right). From either structure, the
olfactory neuron extend through a porous bone and
interact with the environment inside the nose
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Olfactory bulb
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The optic chiasm (Greek "crossing", from 'to
mark with an X', after the Greek letter '?', chi)
is the part of the brain where the optic nerves
partially cross. Specifically, the nerves
connected to the right eye that attend to the
right visual field cross with the nerves from the
left eye that attend to the left visual field.
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optic chiasm
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optic chiasm
3 optic nerve
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optic chiasm
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Parietal lobe of cerebrum The parietal lobe plays
important roles in integrating sensory
information from various parts of the body, and
in the manipulation of objects. Portions of the
parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial
processing. Much less is known about this lobe
than the other three in the cerebrum.
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Pineal gland A small gland located deep within
in the brain. It is believed to secrete
melatonin, and may therefore be part of the
body's sleep-regulation apparatus.
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Pineal gland
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Pineal gland
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Pineal gland
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Pituitary gland (hypophysis) A small oval
endocrine gland attached to the base of the
vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior
and a posterior lobe, the secretions of which
control the other endocrine glands and influence
growth, metabolism, and maturation
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Pituitary gland
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Pons It is part of the central nervous system,
and relays sensory information between the
cerebellum and cerebrum. Some hypothesize that it
has a role in dreaming.
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Pons
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Pons
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Sagittal fissure (also called Longitudinal
Fissure)The long divide between the two cerebral
hemispheres
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The septum pellucidum (also called the septum
lucidum) is a thin, triangular, vertical membrane
that separates the lateral ventricles of the
brain
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septum pellucidum
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Spinal cord attaches to brain stem
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Superior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina In
the brain, the corpora quadrigemina (Latin for
"quadruplet bodies") are the four colliculitwo
inferior, two superiorlocated on the posterior
aspect of the midbrain. The corpora quadrigemina
are reflex centers involving vision and hearing.
In humans, the superior colliculus is involved in
the generation of fast eye movements and eye-head
coordination.
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Superior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina
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• Thalamus
• Function
• Motor Control
• Receives Auditory, Somatosensory and Visual
  Sensory Signals
• It relays to the cerebral cortex information
  received from diverse brain regions. Sort of a
  requisite 'last pit stop' for information going
  to cortex.

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Thalamus
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Thalamus
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• Third ventricle
• Function
• Protects the Brain From Trauma
• Provides Pathway for the Circulation of
  Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Location
• The third ventricle is a narrow cavity located
  between the two hemispheres of the
  hypothalamus/thalamus area

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• Third ventricle

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Transverse fissure separates cerebrum from
cerebellum
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THE END!