Introduction to programming Language C, Data Types, Variables, Constants.

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Introduction to programming Language C, Data
Types, Variables, Constants.

• Basics of C
• Every program consists of one or more functions
  and must have main function
• Functions consists of heading, arguments and
  compound statement
• Every block begin with and end with
• Every statement end with
• // is used to insert single line comment

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• / / is used to insert multiple line
• C Fundamentals
• Character set
• Identifiers and keyword
• Basic data types
• Int
• Character
• Float
• Double
• Qualifiers

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C Fundamentals (contd.)

• Constants
• Integer constant
• Decimal
• Octal (start with 0)
• Hexadecimal (start with 0x or 0X)
• Unsigned and Long Integer constant (UL)
• Floating point constant
• Numerical accuracy (representation of 1.0)
• Character constant (enclosed by apostrophes)
• ASCII, EBCDIC
• Escape sequences (non-printing characters)
• String constant (enclosed in quotation marks)

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C Fundamentals (contd.)

• Variables
• Declarations
• Expressions-
• Statements
• Symbolic constants
• define name text

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Operators and expressions

• Arithmetic operators (, -, , /, )
• requires integer operands and second operand
  must be nonzero
• Second operand of / must be nonzero
• Rules of division
• Type conversion ( (data type)) expression)
• Precedence and associativity

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Operators and expressions (Contd.)

• Unary operators
• Relational operators (lt,lt,gt,gt)
• Equality Operators (,!)
• Logical operators or connectives(,)
• Act upon operands that are themselves logical
  expressions. The net effect is to combine the
  individual logical expressions into more complex
  conditions that are either true or false

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Operators and expressions (Contd)

• Any nonzero value, not just 1, is interpreted as
  true.
• Logical and has higher precedence than logical or
• Logical negation operator(!, a unary)
• Assignment operators
• Conditional operators
• Library functions (abs, ceil, cos, floor, pow,

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Operators and expressions (Contd)

• Rand, sqrt, tolower, toupper )

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Data Input and Output

• Getchar(), putchar()
• Scanf(),scanf(),scanf(3d), 3 is maximum
  field width
• Long decimalld, long float or doublelf
• Assignment suppression, d
• Scanf(c1s1s,c1,c2,c3) or scanf(c c
  c)

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Data Input and Output

• Scanf(d a f)
• Printf(), printf(3d), 3 is minmum field width
• Printf(7.3f .1f)
• Printf(-7.0f 7.0f-7.0f)