Organization of the Human Body

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Unit 1

• Organization of the Human Body

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OBJECTIVES

• Define Anatomy and Physiology
• Describe the Structural Organization of the Human
  Body
• Explain how the systems relate to one another
• Define the important life processes of humans

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Definitions

• Anatomy the study of structure
• Physiology the study of function

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Levels of Organization

• 6 levels relevant to human anatomy and physiology
• Chemical
• Cellular
• Tissue
• Organ
• System
• Organism

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Body Systems

• 11 main systems to know
• Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous,
  Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune,
  Respiratory, Reproductive, Digestive, Urinary

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Body System Project

• You and your partner (thats the person you are
  sitting next to in class) will be assigned one of
  the 11 systems.
• You will have to present this system to the class

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Body System Project

• You can use power point or simply present to the
  class using the white board, posters, overheads,
  etc
• The information you must include
• Name of system, diagram of system, components of
  the system, functions of the system, how it
  interacts with at least one other system and
  diseases/pathology associated with the system

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Life Processes

• No definition of lifeso how do we know???
• Certain characteristics that set living things
  apart from non-living things

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Metabolism

• All the chemical processes that happen in the
  body
• All of the life processes considered together
• Anabolism small molecules are combined to form
  larger ones (synthesis)
• Catabolism large molecules are broken down into
  smaller ones (hydrolysis)

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Responsiveness

• The ability to detect AND respond to changes in
  the internal and external environment

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Movement/Transport

• Motion of the whole body
• Motion of individual organs
• Motion of single cells
• Movement of materials into/out of structures

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Growth

• Increase in body size due to
• Increasing the size of existing cells
• Increasing the number of cells
• Increasing the amount of material surrounding the
  cells

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Differentiation

• The process by which unspecialized cells (stem
  cells) become specialized.
• Results in a change in both structure and function

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Reproduction

• Formation of new cells for growth or repair.
  (Mitosis)
• Production of new individuals

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• Although not ALL of these processes are happening
  in all the cells all the time, when they do not
  occur properly cell death may occur which can
  lead to tissue damage then to organ failure then
  death of the organism.