?????%203%20%20???????????????????????????????%20(Elasticity%20of%20Demand%20and%20Supply) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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?????%203%20%20???????????????????????????????%20(Elasticity%20of%20Demand%20and%20Supply)

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3 (Elasticity of Demand and Supply) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ?????%203%20%20???????????????????????????????%20(Elasticity%20of%20Demand%20and%20Supply)


1
????? 3 ???????????????????????????????(Elasti
city of Demand and Supply)
2
??????????????????????(Elasticity of Demand)
  • ????????????????????????????? (Price Elasticity
    of Demand)
  • ??????????????????????????????? (Income
    Elasticity of Demand)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ?? (Cross Elasticity of Demand)

3
??????????????????????(Elasticity of Demand)
  • ????????????????????????????? (Price Elasticity
    of Demand)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????????????????
  • Price Elasticity Demand (ED) change in
    quantity

change in price
4
????????????????????? D S ?? 2 ????
  • 1. Point Elasticity (??????)
  • ???????????? ??????????? Demand ???? Supply
    ???????????????????????????????????????

2. Arc Elasticity (???????) ??????????? 2
????????? Demand ???? Supply ????????????????????
???????????????
5
  • ??????????????
  • 1. Point Elasticity
  • Q dQ/q dQ
    . P
  • 2. Arc Elasticity
  • Q dQ / ((Q1Q2)/2 )
  • dQ . (P1P2)
  • P dP/P dP Q

P dP / ((P1P2)/2 )

dP (Q1Q2)
6
??????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????? (Ed gt 1)
  • ???????????????????????????? (Ed lt 1 )
  • ??????????????????????????????? ????? (Ed 1)
  • ????????????????????????????????? (Ed )
  • ?????????????????????????????????? (Ed 0)

7
???????????????????????????????(Income
Elasticity Demand)
  • ??????????????????????????????? (Ey)
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????
    ????????????????????????????????
  • Ey ???????????????????????????

???????????????????????
8
?????????????????????????????????????
  • Ey gt 0 , ?????????? (Normal Goods) ??? (?)
  • Ey lt 0 , ???????????????? (Inferior Goods)
    ??? (?)

9
  • ??????????????
  • 1. Point Elasticity
  • Q dQ/q dQ
    . Y
  • 2. Arc Elasticity
  • Q dQ / ((Q1Q2)/2 )
  • dQ . (Y1Y2)
  • Y dY/Y dY Q

Y dY / ((Y1Y2)/2 )

dY (Q1Q2)
10
??????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????? (Ec)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????????????
  • Ec ????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????
11
????????????????????????????????
  • Ec lt 0 , ????????????? ???????????????? ???
    (?)
  • Ec gt 0 , ???????????????????????????? ??? (?)

12
  • ??????????????
  • 1. Point Elasticity
  • Qa dQa/Qa
    dQa . Pb
  • 2. Arc Elasticity
  • Qa dQa / ((Qa1Qa2)/2
    )
  • dQa . (Pb1Pb2)
  • Pb dPb/Pb dPb
    Qa

Pb dPb / ((Pb1Pb2)/2 )

dPb (Qa1Qa2)
13
????????????????????????????? Demand
  • ????????????????????????? Ed ??? ?????

1. ????????????? , ?????????
2. ????????????????????????
3. ??????????????
  • ????????????????????????? Ed ???? ?????

1. ???????????????? ???? ?????? 4
2. ???????????????????????
3. ????????????????????????????????????
14
???????????????????????????????
  • ????????? (Total Revenue TR) P x Q
  • - Ed gt 1 , TR P
  • - Ed lt 1 , TR P
  • - Ed 1 , TR ??????????????????????????????

15
?????????????????????(Elasticity of Supply)
  • ????????????????????? (Es)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????
  • Es ??????????????????????????

????????????????????????
16
???????????????????????????
17
???????????????????????
  • ??????????????
  • - ??????????????????? (Price Ceiling)
    ??????????????????????????????????
  • - ??????????????????? (Floor Price)
    ???????????????????? ????????????

18
??????????????????? (Price Ceiling)
P
S
E
Excess Demand
Pe
B
Pc
D
0
Qe
Q2
Q1
19
??????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ???????????????
20
??????????????????? (Floor Price)
  • ??????????????????? ?????????????????

21
?????????????????????????????????
22
?????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????
  • - ???????????? (Specific Tax) ??? (?)
  • - ???????????????????????? (Ad Valorem Tax)
    ??? (?)

23
???????????????????????????????
St
P
P3
S
Tax
E
P1
Pe
E
P2
G
D
0
Q
Q1
Q0
24
?????????????????????
????????????????????? - ???????????? (Specific
Tax) ??? (?) - ???????????????????????? (Ad
Valorem Tax) ??? (?)
25
????????????????????????????????
P
S
P1
E
a
P0
b
Pt
E
P3
D
Dt
0
Q
Qt
Q0
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