Arts and Humanities Exit Exam

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Arts and Humanities Exit Exam

• MUSIC REVIEW

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Elements of Music

• Rhythm
• Tempo
• Melody
• Harmony
• Form
• Timbre
• Dynamics

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Rhythm

• The pattern of notes and rests
• Important Rhythm Terms
• Syncopation
• Placing emphasis on the weak or off beats
• Meter
• (AKA Time Signature)
• 3 Types
• Simple 4/4
• Compound 6/8
• Asymmetrical 5/4

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Note and Rest Values

• Whole Note 4 beats
• Half Note 2 beats
• Quarter Note 1 beat
• Eighth Note ½ beat
• Sixteenth Note ¼ beat

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Tempo

• The speed of the music
• Accelerando
• Gradually speed up
• Ritardando
• Gradually slow down

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Tempo Markings

• Largo
• Very slow
• Andante
• Walking speed
• Moderato
• Medium speed
• Allegro
• Fast tempo
• Presto
• Very fast

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Melody

• The main part of the song that can be hummed by
  the listener
• Key Signature
• Sharps and flats placed _at_ the beginning of the
  music that show the scale on which the music is
  based.

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Harmony

• Two or more notes sounded together
• Consonance
• Harmony that is pleasing to
  the listener
• Dissonance
• Harmony that is harsh
  to the listener

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Form

• The way the music is organized
• Opera Forms
• Overture
• Introduction for operas and ballets
• Aria
• Song for solo voice that is very melodic in
  character
• Recitative
• Song sung in a speaking manner

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Types of Forms

• AB
• 2 contrasting sections
• ABA
• 2 contrasting sections that repeats back to the
  1st section
• Call and Response
• One group performs and another group echoes
• Theme and Variations
• Basic melody performed in a variety of ways

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Timbre

• The unique characteristic of sound
• VOCAL TIMBRES
• Soprano
• High Female Voice
• Alto
• Low Female Voice
• Tenor
• High Male Voice
• Bass
• Low Male Voice

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INSTRUMENT FAMILIES

• Woodwind
• Flute, Clarinet, Saxophone, Oboe, Bassoon
• Brass
• Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba
• String
• Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass, Guitar
• Percussion
• Drums, Xylophone, Tambourine, Cymbals

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Dynamics

• The loudness or softness of music
• Pianissimo (pp) Very Soft
• Piano (p) Soft
• Mezzo Piano (mp) Moderately Soft
• Mezzo Forte (mf) Moderately Loud
• Forte (f) Loud
• Fortissimo (ff) Very Loud

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Music Symbols

• Staff
• Treble Clef
• Bass Clef
• Sharp
• Flat
• Natural

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Symbols, cont.

• Crescendo
• Decrescendo
• Accent
• Fermata
• Coda

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More symbols

• DC- Repeat to the beginning
• DS- Repeat to the sign
• Fine-The End

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Renaissance Period

• Most important composer
• Giovanni Palestrina
• He utilized the
• counterpoint system

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Baroque Period

• Important Composers
• George Frederic Handel
• Known for oratorios (The Messiah)
• Johann Sebastian Bach
• Cantatas for his church services
• Fugue- An imitative style of
• composition developed
• during this period

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Classical Period

• Important Composers
• Franz Josef Haydn
• The father of the Symphony
• Ludwig Van Beethoven
• Most well known is his 5th Symphony

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Romantic Period

• Important Composers
• Richard Wagner
• Known for his operas
• Ride of the Valkyries
• The Flying Dutchman
• Peter Tchaikovsky
• Known for his ballets
• The Nutcracker, Swan Lake,
• Romeo Juliet

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Impressionism

• Important Composers
• Claude Debussy
• Maurice Ravel
• Both composers incorporated symbolism into their
  music

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Modern Period

• Jazz Music
• Combines spirituals, blues, and improvisation to
  create a new and unique style
• Improvisation
• To create music
• spontaneously
• (on the spot)

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American Music

• George Gershwin
• Incorporated Jazz elements into classical music
• Rhapsody in Blue
• An American in Paris

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• Aaron Copland
• Used American folk songs and ideas in his music
• Appalachian Spring
• Billy the Kid

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• Duke Ellington
• Helped shape jazz styles in American music
• Take the A Train
• Mood Indigo

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Purposes of Music

• Ceremonial
• Music for ceremonies and rituals
• Star Spangled Banner, Wedding March
• Artistic
• Music used to express emotion
• Ballet Music
• Recreational
• Music for Fun
• Dance Music

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The End (FINE)