Review - blood vessels

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Class Topics
Title Anat Phys 4/19/07
Objectives

• .

• Review - blood vessels
• Atherosclerosis article
• Notes Blood and hemostasis
• "Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win
  glorious triumphs even though checkered by
  failure, than to rank with those poor spirits who
  neither enjoy nor suffer much because they live
  in the gray twilight that knows neither victory
  nor defeat."
• Theodore Roosevelt

Friday, December 23, 2016 927 AM
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Class Assignments
By When
What

• Read Atherosclerosis article 4/19/07
• Due this class period
• Due next class period
• Due in the future

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Blood movement

• Trace the blood from the heart to the left arm
  and back to the heart.
• Trace the blood from the heart to the right leg
  and back to the heart.
• Trace the blood from the heart to the small
  intestine and back to the heart.
• Trace the blood from the heart to the left gonad
  (this of course depends upon your gender) and
  back to the heart.

4

• Ascending aorta, aortic arch, left subclavian
  artery, left axillary artery, left brachial
  artery, left biceps brachii, left brachial vein,
  left axillary vein, left subclavian vein, left
  brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava
• Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta,
  common iliac artery, external iliac artery,
  femoral artery, deep femoral artery, femur,
  femoral vein, external iliac vein, common iliac
  vein, inferior vena cava

5

• Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta,
  superior mesenteric artery, small intestine,
  superior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein,
  liver, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava
• Ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta,
  left gonadal artery, ovary/testes, left gonadal
  vein, renal vein, inferior vena cava

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Blood

• Connective tissue
• Supports homeostasis
• transportation
• moving nutrients, oxygen, wastes around
• protection
• antibodies, leukocytes
• regulation
• heating/cooling
• acid/base balance

From http//heme-coag.uthscsa.edu/wwwthromb97/01p
s.gif
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General Information
H.O. Composition of Blood

• Red color due to hemoglobin
• arterial - bright red - much oxygen
• venous - dark red - little oxygen
• Plasma (55 of blood)
• 92 water, 8 solutes
• proteins - synthesized in liver

From http//www.people.virginia.edu/dp5m/phys_30
4/figures/whole_blood.jpg
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Plasma Proteins

• Albumins -
• thicken the blood, used to maintain osmotic
  pressure
• Globulins
• gamma globulins
• antibodies
• Fibrinogen - precursor to fibrin
• major role in blood clotting

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Erythrocytes
H.O. Erythrocytes

• 40 of blood volume
• transport respiratory gases
• biconcave to increase area of diffusion
• No nucleus or any other organelles
• Production
• Fetal - yolk sac, spleen, liver
• Adult - red bone marrow
• Life span - 120 days

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Erythrocytes

• Production stimulated by erythropoetin (hormone
  regulated by kidneys and liver)
• Negative feedback (fig 12-8)
• Recycling
• hemoglobin is broken into biliverdin and
  bilirubin in the liver and used in bile
• Iron in hemoglobin is recycled to be used again

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Leukocytes

• 1 of blood volume
• Contain a nucleus
• Ability to leave cardiovascular system
• Diapedesis
• Function
• protect the body from disease
• phagocytic
• collection of leukocytes - pus

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Leukocytes

• Lymphocytes (antibodies)
• T cells
• B cells
• act against foreign particles and toxins
• able to discern between self and nonself cells

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Types

• Granulocytes
• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils
• Agranulocytes
• lymphocytes
• monocytes

Phagocytosis
From http//www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1220lynch/2
0immune.html
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Thrombocytes

• Platelets
• fragments of complete cells
• formed from precursor cells parts
• play a role in preventing blood loss

From http//ntri.tamuk.edu/homepage-ntri/lectures
/clotting.html
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Hemostasis

• Stopping blood flow
• usually occurs when damage is done to blood
  vessel wall
• Three step process
• 1. Blood vessel spasm
• 2. Platelet plug
• 3. Coagulation
• Useful in smaller vessels

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(No Transcript)
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Hemostasis
Alex Zanardi

• Stopping blood flow
• usually occurs when damage is done to blood
  vessel wall
• Three step process
• 1. Blood vessel spasm
• 2. Platelet plug
• 3. Coagulation
• Useful in smaller vessels

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1. Blood vessel spasm

• Damage to the vessel wall
• stimulates smooth muscle to contract
• Can last for 30 minutes
• in some cases this can complete close a blood
  vessel
• Spasm can be prolonged by the release of
  serotonin by thrombocytes

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2. Platelet plug
From http//ntri.tamuk.edu/homepage-ntri/lectures/
clotting.html

• Arrive on the scene
• increase in size and change shape
• surface become sticky
• allows them to adhere to collagen in blood vessel
  walls
• also allows them to adhere to each other
• Eventually forms a large clump
• platelet plug (fig 12-11)

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From http//www.people.virginia.edu/dp5m/phys_30
4/figures/blood_clot.jpg
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Blood Coagulation

• Fibrinogen converts into fibrin
• stimulated by release of thromboplastin from
  damaged vessels and thrombocytes
• Fibrin form a netting over platelets and other
  formed elements
• blood clot
• blood leakage is stopped
• Repair begins

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From http//web.vet.cornell.edu/public /popmed/cl
inpath/CPmodules/coags/primim.htm