10th Euro Studies 1.04.16

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10th Euro Studies 1.04.16

• Turn in
• Nothing
• Take out
• Planner
• Pen/Pencil
• Notes
• Todays objective
• I can describe how Napoleon rose to power and the
  lasting effect he had on France and the balance
  of power in Europe.

• Todays Agenda
• Napoleons Mistakes
• The Congress of Vienna
• HW
• CRA 20.1
• LogoutDue before 725am Tuesday

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Napoleons 3 Costly Mistakes
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1) The Continental System

• ordered a blockade (forced all ports to close) to
  stop trade between Britain and Europe
• goal to isolate Britain
• weakened trade, but didnt destroy it (smuggling)
• Britain blockaded all neutral ships
• hurt Napoleons empire more than his enemies

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The Continental System
GOAL to isolate Britain and promote Napoleons
mastery over Europe. Berlin Decrees (1806)
British ships were not allowed in European
ports. Milan Decree (1807) Napoleon proclaimed
any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when
it entered the Continent.
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1) The Continental System
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2) The Peninsular Campaign

• Went through Spain to invade Portugal
• Spanish rioted, so he deposed (kicked out) the
  Spanish king and replaced him with his brother,
  Joseph
• Guerillas (Spanish peasant fighters) ambushed
  Napoleons troops, which weakened France
• Spanish proved importance of nationalism

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Peninsular Campaign 1807-1814
ContinentalSystem
France ?
1806
? Spain, Portugal
Portugal did not comply with the Continental
System. France wanted Spains support to invade
Portugal. Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded
Spain as well!
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The Spanish Ulcer
Charles IV and Prince Ferdinand called to
France Napleons brother, Joseph, becomes new
King of Spain 100,000 French troops in
Madrid. May 2, 1808 Dos de Mayo the Spanish
rose up in rebellion. French troops fired on
the crowd in Madrid the next day Tres de Mayo.
"With my banner bearing the words 'Liberty and
Emancipation from Superstition, I shall be
regarded as the liberator of Spain. -Napoleon
"The population of Madrid, led astray, has given
itself to revolt and murder. French blood has
flowed. It demands vengeance. All those arrested
in the uprising, arms in hand, will be shot."
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Second of May, 1808 by Goya (1810)
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Third of May, 1808 by Goya (1810)
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The Spanish Ulcer

• Napoleon sends 500,000 troops to Spain
• Spanish fight Guerilla War
• British want to weaken France
• -Move an army (Wellington) into Portugal to aid
  the Spanish guerillas.
• 1814 French troops forced to retreat and
  leave Spain

The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809by Goya
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3) Invasion of Russia

• French ally, Russia, sold grain to Britain
  (French enemy), so Napoleon invaded
• most French troops were drafted, and felt little
  loyalty
• Russians used a scorched-earth policy (burned
  fields and slaughtered livestock to starve
  soldiers into surrendering)
• Attacks and cold weather nearly wiped out the
  French army

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3) Invasion of Russia
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NAPOLEONS FINAL DEFEAT

• After attempting to make a comeback (Hundred
  Days) and re-conquer France, Napoleons army was
  defeated by the British and Prussians at Waterloo
  (in Belgium, 1815)

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The Congress of Vienna
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Europe in 1812
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The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 June
9, 1815)
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Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of
Vienna
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Main Objectives

• Its job was to undo everything that Napoléon had
  done
• Reduce France to its old boundaries ? her
  frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
• Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible
  that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic
  era.
• Supported the resolution There is always an
  alternative to conflict.

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Key Players at Vienna
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
The HostPrince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand
(Fr.)
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Key Principles Established at Vienna

• Balance of Power
• Legitimacy
• Compensation

• Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5
  years.
• France would have to pay an indemnity of
  700,000,000 francs.

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Changes Made at Vienna (1)

• France was deprived of all territory conquered
  by Napoléon.
• Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw
  (Poland).
• Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of
  Poland, and other German territories.
• A Germanic Confederation of 30 states (including
  Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under
  Austrian rule.
• Austria was given back territory it had lost
  recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
• The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic
  and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

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The Germanic Confederation, 1815
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Changes Made at Vienna (2)

• Norway and Sweden were joined.
• The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.
• Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.
• Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and
  various other colonies in Africa and Asia.
• Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and
  Genoa.
• The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two
  Sicilies.
• The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise.
• The slave trade was condemned (at British
  urging).
• Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many
  rivers.

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Establishment of Congress SystemNew World Order

• Preserving the Agreement
• Internally Tough Government
• Conservative
• Carlsbad Decrees
• Externally Cooperative Action - work together
  to stop threats
• Concert of Europe
• Congress of Troppau
• Holy Allance Austria, Prussia, Russia

Francis I Frederick William III
Alexander I
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Europe After the Congress of Vienna
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Europe in 1812
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Critically Read 20.1
As youre reading and taking notes Think about
your thoughts on the purpose of the Congress,
how successful it might be, and what will that
success depend upon?
Logout Question will be available after school
today