Learning Target: Student will identify and respond to hazardous situations that might affect the safety of children in a field site situation.

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Learning Target Student will identify and
respond to hazardous situations that might affect
the safety of children in a field site situation.
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Bloodborne Pathogens

• Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as
  viruses) transmitted through blood, or other
  potentially infectious material such as certain
  bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or
  tissues.

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Bloodborne Pathogens

• Bodily fluids, especially those visibly
  contaminated with blood, are capable of causing
  disease.
• Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in
  the skin, through your eyes or mouth.
• Can also be transmitted sexually
• Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C)
  virus, and HIV (AIDS virus).

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• HIV attacks your bodys ability to protect itself
  against disease
• Initially no visible signs of having the virus
• Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired
  immune deficiency syndrome)
• There is no vaccination for HIV

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HIV

• Virus lives outside the body only a few hours
• 4 modes of transfer
• blood
• semen
• vaginal secretions
• breast milk

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HIV

• 10-50 virus particles per ml of blood

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Aids Statistics from CDC

• 50,000 people in the United States are newly
  infected with HIV each year as of 2010
• Nearly 66of these new infections occurred in gay
  and bisexual men.
• Black/AfricanAmerican men and women were also
  highly affected
• Their HIV incidence rate that was almost 8 times
  as high as the incidence rate among whites.

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2015 Aids Statistics from CDC
tate/Dependent Area Number of Diagnoses of HIV Infection, 2013
Florida 5,377
California 5,334
Texas 4,854
New York 3,803
Georgia 3,020
New Jersey 2,177
Maryland 2,174
Illinois 2,091
North Carolina 1,578
Pennsylvania 1,425
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Hepatitis B (and C)
Hepatitis B Virus

• Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV
• Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several
  days

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Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various
Body Fluids
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Hepatitis B

• 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml
  of blood
• Virus can live outside the body for several days

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HIV vs. Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis C

• 3-4 million carriers
• Disease can incubate for decade
• HCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and
  HBV

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Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C

• Risk Factors
• Long-term kidney dialysis
• Sex with multiple partners
• Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or
  unsterilized equipment
• Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws

Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a
tattoo needle
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Hepatitis B (and C)

• There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C
• but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for
  Hepatitis B.
• (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C)

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HBV and HCV

• Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the
  right side of your abdomen
• Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of
  a football.
• If infected with HBV, the liver often becomes
  tender and enlarged

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Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include

• Flu-like symptoms
• fatigue
• jaundice
• severe pain in joints
• lung disease
• inflammation of liver
• inflammation on and ulcers of the colon
• may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated)

normal
Yellow from jaundice
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Hepatitis

• Acute 6-8 weeks, 90
• 30-40 with acute HBV have no idea how or when
  they became infected
• 5-15 of infected carry virus for longer than 6
  months (carriers)
• Chronic Life, 10
• Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV
  and never fully recover. They carry the virus and
  can infect others for the rest of their lives
• Approximately one million people in the US carry
  HBV

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Hepatitis B

• The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a
  single needlestick contaminated with blood from a
  person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6 to
  30.
• Approximately 10 of those infected become
  chronic carriers who can infect their families
  and friends. They have up to 300 times greater
  than normal risk of developing liver cancer.
• Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die
  of HBV or its complications.

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Part 2
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Statistics as of 2015

• New HIV infections have fallen by 38 since 2001
• New HIV infections among children have declined
  by 58 since 2001.
• AIDS-related deaths have fallen by 35 since the
  peak in 2005

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How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job

• When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin,
  acne, skin abrasions

• When you touch a contaminated surface and then
  touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or
  inflamed skin

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/
• STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
• A system of infection control which assumes that
  all human blood and certain body fluids are
  treated as if known to be infectious.

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Wash hands after changing diapers.
• Wear gloves for diaper changing, wiping noses,
  cleaning up after cuts, and injuries.

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Use Spill Kit for Clean-up

• Kit Includes
• Face Mask
• Gloves
• Goggles
• Sharps Disposal Container
• Fluid Control Solidifier
• Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Dont Recap Needles
• Clean up when kids get sick.
• Wear gloves when dealing with all body fluids and
  wastes.

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Needles and other sharps must be discarded in
  rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body

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How to Reduce Your Risk

• Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or
  handle contact lenses in areas where there is the
  possibility of exposure to BBP, such as in UWM
  labs

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Gloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshields

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Get Spill Kit from Janitorial Closet
• Put on gloves.

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• If splashing is anticipated, wear protective
  eyewear and mask

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Remove visible material with absorbent towels

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Area should be decontaminated for 10 minutes
• Once the area has been disinfected, dry area with
  absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular
  trash

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Glove removal and disposal technique

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Glove Removal and Disposal

• Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down
  until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the palm
  of your gloved hand.
• Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the
  cuff of the remaining glove.

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Glove Removal and Disposal

• Peel that glove down so that it also comes off
  inside out and over the first glove.
• Properly dispose of the gloves.

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Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures

• Wash hands well.

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Vaccination

• Very low risk vaccine
• Three doses over 6 months
• Must receive all three doses
• gt79 effective
• Free to employees
• May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver)
• May receive vaccine later

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Accident/Injury Report

• Complete report as soon as possible after
  incident
• Turn in to your supervisor
• Form is submitted to Workers Compensation

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Conclusion
Any Questions?

• Thank You!

H. 3.1.3 Evaluates environmental risks associated with certain occupational, residential, and recreational choices FCS  1.2.7 Analyze factors that contribute to maintaining safe and healthy school, work and community environments.