Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules

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Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules
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What makes a molecule organic?
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Carbon

• How many bonds does carbon want?
• Carbon can form molecules of all different sizes
  and shapes

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Organic Molecules

• Large carbon chains are called polymers or
  macromolecules
•  Polymers are made or synthesized through
  dehydration synthesis , also called a
  condensation reaction.
• Polymers are broken by hydrolysis, which means
  breaking water apart.

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4 types of macromolecules
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Carbohydrates

• Examples?
• Functions Energy storage
• Atoms Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Building blocks Monosaccharide (mono means?)

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Carbohydrates

• How are multiple carbohydrates joined together?
• Dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction

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Types of carbohydrates

• 1. Monosaccharide (1) - simple sugars!
• Ex glucose, fructose
• 2. Disaccharides (2)
• Ex Sucrose or table sugar
• 3. Polysaccharides (3)
• Ex Cellulose (fiber ), Chitin, Glycogen (animal
  storage, and Starch (plant storage)

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Lipids

• Examples?
• Functions biological membranes and energy
  storage
• Atoms Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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Types of lipids

• Fats
• 2. Oils
• 3. Waxes
• 4. Sterols (steroids)
• Phosopholipids-used in the making of plasma
  membrane (Bi-layer or two layers).

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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

• Saturated Fats
• Contain only single bonds for the carbon
• Solid at room temperature
• Sources dairy products (cheese, yogurt, milk,
  etc), meats and etc.

• Unsaturated Fats
• Contain at least one double bond
• One double bond is monounsaturated
• Two or more double bonds is polyunsaturated
• Liquid at room temperature
• Sources oils (olive, canola, etc)

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Nucleic Acids

• Examples?
• Functions heredity (genetics)
• Atoms Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus,
  Nitrogen
• Building blocks Nucleotides (ATCGU)
• Structure Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous base

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Protein

• Examples?
• Atoms Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Nitrogen
• Functions building material, transport,
  regulation, and aiding chemical reactions.
• Building blocks Amino Acids

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Amino Acids
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Organic Chemistry Macromolecule Vocabulary List

• Carbohydratesorganic molecule that stores fast
  energy examples are sugars and starch
• Lipidsorganic molecule that is not soluble in
  water, stores energy and provides insulation ex
  fats and oils
• Proteinsorganic molecule that is structural and
  speeds up chemical reactions ex enzymes and
  hemaglobin

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Vocabulary List Continued

• Nucleic Acidsorganic molecule that carries
  genetic information ex DNA RNA
• Benedicts Solutiona blue reagent that changes
  color in the presence of simple sugars
• Starcha major source of carbohydrates for living
  things made of bonded glucose molecules

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Vocabulary List Continued

• Enzymesa type of protein found in all living
  things that changes (usually speeds up) the rate
  of chemical reactions
• Insulina protein hormone that affects metabolism
  by breaking down glucose
• Glycogena complex carbohydrate used to store
  energy typically found in liver and muscle cells

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Vocabulary List Continued

• Cellulosea polysaccharide carbohydrate made of
  many bonded glucose units typically found in
  cell walls of plants and provides nutritional
  roughage.
• Hemoglobina type of protein that is in red blood
  cells contains iron and carries oxygen from
  lungs to body cells.
• Biurets Solutiona blue reagent that turns purple
  in the presence of proteins.