States of Matter

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Chapter 3

• States of Matter

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Section 1

• Matter and Energy

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Learning Target

• I can explain how kinetic theory affects particle
  motion

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How is the state of a substance determined?

• Particle Motion
• Kinetic Theory
• All matter is made of atoms and molecules. These
  atoms and molecules act like tiny particle that
  are always in motion.
• The higher the temperature of the substance is,
  the faster the particles move.
• At the same temperature, more massive particles
  move slower than less massive ones.

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States of Matter

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
• Bose-Einstein Condensate

http//www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_becondensate
.html
http//www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html
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Solids

• Definite shape
• Definite volume
• Particles vibrate in place

http//image.tutorvista.com/content/matter/solid-p
articles.jpeg
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Liquids

• Change shape
• Definite volume
• Particles moving faster

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Gases

• Change shape
• Change volume
• Particles moving fast enough to break away from
  each other

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Plasma

• 99 of known matter in the universe
• No definite shape
• No definite volume
• Particles are electrically charged
• Conduct electric current
• Natural Plasmas the sun, stars, lightning, fire,
  the aurora borealis

http//www.tvsnob.com/pictures/plasma-cool.jpg
http//z.about.com/d/space/1/5/Y/Q/sun_tour.jpg
http//api.ning.com
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Plasma

• Plasma video clip

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Bose-Einstein Condensate

• Predicted in 1924
• Created in 1995 (Cornell and Weiman)
• Super unexcited and super cold atoms
• Formed at temperatures just above absolute zero
  (0 Kelvin -459 F)
• Molecular motion stops at absolute zero
• Atoms clump and become a super atom
• Superfluids
• Move without friction

http//www.ima.umn.edu/newsltrs/updates/spring05/g
raphics/bose.jpg
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Bose-Einstein Condensate

• Superfluid Helium

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Energys Role

• Temperature a measure of the average kinetic
  energy of the particles in an object
• The more kinetic energy the particles have, the
  higher the temperature
• Not determined by the amount of the substance you
  have
• Thermal Energy the total kinetic energy of a
  substances atoms
• Explain temperature and thermal energy comparing
  a small Dunkin Donuts coffee to an extra large
  Dunkin Donuts coffee