Unit 2 Chapter 4, Section 4

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Unit 2Chapter 4, Section 4

• Gender Roles and Differences
• Mr. Young
• Psychology

2
Gender

• One of the first questions parents ask is, Is
  the baby a boy or a girls?
• Gender greatly influences how you dress, move,
  work, and play

3
Gender Roles

• Gender identity- physical and biological makeup
• Ages 2-3, children label themselves as either
  boys or girls
• Age 5, most children have learned how to act like
  their gender

4
Gender Role Cont

• Gender Role- set of behaviors that society
  considers appropriate for each sex
• Defined mainly by society and culture
• How each person is suppose to act
• Gender roles can change from society to society
  and over time

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Gender Roles
6
Cont.

• Men viewed as dominant, competitive, and
  emotionally reserved

7
Cont

• Women viewed as submissive, cooperative, and
  emotionally responsive

8
Cont

• Gender Stereotypes- oversimplified or prejudiced
  opinions and attitudes concerning the way men or
  women should behave

9
Cont.

• Androgynous- combining or blending traditionally
  male and female characteristics
• Psychologist Sandra Bem
• Argues that androgyny should be our ideal
  characteristic

10
Cont.

• Androgyny is becoming and accepted idea in our
  culture
• Adolescence have more choices in the way they
  define themselves
• Young people can now express themselves according
  to their talents, temperaments, and values

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Gender Differences in Personality

• Males more confident than females, especially in
  academic areas or in tasks stereotyped as
  masculine, such as math and science
• Female self-confidence rises when they perform
  tasks in which they receive clear and direct
  feedback

12

• Males

• Females

13
Male and Female Aggression

• Aggression has the most significant
• Females, more verbal aggressive
• Males, more physical aggressive
• Females feel guilty or have more anxiety about
  the dangers involved in aggressive behavior

14
Aggression Cont.

• Males, use mock fighting and rough play

• Females, indirect forms such as talking about,
  rejecting, ignoring, or avoiding aggression

15
Male and Female Communication

• Women usually considered more talkative
• Men actually talk more and interrupt women while
  talking
• Women use hedges (kind of or you know),
  disclaimers (I may be wrong or I am not
  sure), and tag questions (Okay?)

16
Gender differences in Cognitive Abilities

• No measurable differences in verbal skills exist
  between males and females
• No significant differences in math
• Men do better on spatial abilities
• Women are better at tracking objects

17

• Male

• Female

18
Biological Theory

• Emphasizes the roles of anatomy, hormones, and
  brain organizations
• Boys prefer trucks and girls prefer dolls
• Has evolved from the early men and women and how
  they acted

19
Psychoanalytical Theory

• Sigmund Freud, children identify with the same
  sex parent
• Boys identify with fathers, girls with mothers

20
Social Learning Theory

• Children learn their gender roles by observing
  and imitating models, such as parents, friends,
  peers, teachers
• Parents can reward or discourage behavior based
  on traditional gender roles

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Cognitive-Developmental Theory

• Acquire gender roles by interacting with their
  environment and thinking about those experiences
• Children must first see themselves as that gender
• Form gender scheme- a mental representation of
  behavior that helps a child organize and
  categorize behaviors

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Changing Gender Roles

• Most women now have jobs outside the home
• Work provides income and a sense of
  accomplishment
• Women do not advance as quickly in the workforce,
  maybe because of discrimination or because of
  childbearing