Differentiated Instruction Strategies

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Differentiated Instruction Strategies

• R.A.F.T.

Come aboard!!
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A R.A.F.T.is

• .an engaging strategy that encourages writing
  across the curriculum.
• .a way to encourage students to ..
• assume a ROLE
• consider their AUDIENCE, while
• examining a TOPIC from their chosen perspective,
  and
• writing in a particular FORMAT
• All of the above can serve as motivators by
  giving students choice, appealing to their
  interests and learning profiles, and adapting to
  students readiness levels.

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R A F T
The ROLE of writer, speaker, artist, historian,
reporter, eyewitness, etc.
An AUDIENCE of fellow writers, students,
citizens, characters, etc.
Through a FORMAT that is written, spoken,
drawn, acted, etc.
A TOPIC related to curriculum content in
greater depth.
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RAFTs can

• Be differentiated in a variety of ways readiness
  level, learning profile, and/or student interest.
• Be created by students (you can incorporate a
  blank row for that option)
• Be used as introductory hooks into a unit of
  study.
• Have one consistent column while varying the
  other columns in the raft grid.
• The possibilities are endless. See your handout
  for specific examples. An internet search will
  also produce a plethora of examples.

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Possible Formats to use with RAFTs that address a
variety of learning styles.
Written Visual Oral Kinesthetic
diary entry bulleted list obituary invitation product guide game rules recipe movie critic FreqAskQues editorial character monologue job application gossip column mag. article cartoon/comic crossword puzzle map scale plan or drawing graphic org. concept web illustration print ad photograph powerpoint how to diagram fashion design song set of discussion ?s conversation monologue sermon radiocast museum guide commercial readers theater interview tasting political speech puppet show storytell model cheer mime reenactment wax museum demonstration sales pitch with demo elements physical analogies taste tests how to video game sew, cook, build design a ....
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How can I introduce this strategy to my students

• To get students more actively involved in
  understanding a RAFT, you may present them with a
  sample RAFT.

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Getting Your Ideas Across on a RAFT (From a
Lesson titled Don't Let Your Car Make a Fuel Out
of You! Energy Education Curriculum Project)

• Role of a writer
• You must decide who (or what) you will be. Will
  you be writing as an old car? Will you be a piece
  of pavement? a bicycle? How about a person or
  even a bird continually exposed to air pollution
  from cars?
• Audience
• To whom are you writing? Are you writing to a
  specific person? to Congress? to a child? to a
  machine? to a car? to an auto manufacturer?
• Format
• What form will your writing take? Will you write
  a letter or a speech? Will it be an obituary, a
  conversation, a memo, a journal, or a diary?
• Topic strong verb
• What is your topic? What strong verb will help
  you present your topic? For example, persuade a
  congressman to vote for more ethanol in gasoline,
  demand that more fuel efficient cars are built,
  plead for a car to be driven more efficiently.
• http//www.uni.edu/earth/EECP/mid/mod3.html

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• Practically all RAFT assignments are written from
  a viewpoint other than that of a student. They
  are usually written to an audience other than the
  teacher. They take a form other than students
  would write as a standard essay. Seldom is the
  word "write" used as a RAFT verb. Stronger verbs
  are used like "plead", "convince", "clarify", all
  of which focus the assignment by setting the tone
  of the response.

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Possible RAFT Roles and/or Audiences

• Car DesignerTireRoad KillLawyer

• Car (New, used, Junker)Parent
• Teen
• Car DealerMechanicRace Car DriverGasoline
  PumpSteering WheelAccelerator PedalPolice
  Officer

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Possible Raft Topics

• complaintconfessioncontest entryeulogyfarewell
  journaldiarylegal brief memonews
  storyobituarypamphletphoto essayrecommendation
  sermonreview

• resumelecturetelephone dialoguetravelogueTV
  scriptundercover reportwanted
  posterwarninglast will testamentwritten
  debateyearbookpoetrywedding vowsbirth
  announcement
• scolding

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• Sample RAFT Sketch 2R Gas PumpA
  TeenagerF LectureT Fuel Efficiency -
  (Reprimand)

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RAFT Planning Sheet
Know (facts, vocab) think about the KNOW when
planning the Role or Audience? Understand
(statement) think about the Understand when
writing the topics Do (verb) This might be the
guide for the format?
Role Audience Format Topic
Semicolon Middle Schoolers Diary Entry I wish you really understood where I belong.
N. Y. Times Public Op Ed How our language defines who we are.
Huck Finn Tom Sawyer Note hidden in tree knot A few things you should know.


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Business Education RAFT Students are reviewing
elements from Insert Drop Down Menu This RAFT
uses the columns of Role and Audience to review
basic elements and vocabulary of this unit.
Role Audience Format Topic
Page number Writer of a document List of questions What to consider about how to format me and where I belong
Text Box TV audience Late Nights Top 10 List What you need to know to use me right.
Clip art Student preparing a PowerPoint presentation Song lyrics Find me, Place me, Change Me
Column break Page break Opinion statement Why Im more important than you
A Caption Editor Set of directions How to clarify what is in a pie chart or diagram
Auto Text feature Writers of business letters Energizer Bunny commercial The advantages of using Auto Text
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RAFT Planning Sheet
Know (facts, vocab) think about the KNOW when
planning the Role or Audience? Understand
(statement) think about the Understand when
writing the topics Do (verb) This might be the
guide for the format?
Role Audience Format Topic
Afghan youth American youth Letter What I wish you knew about me.
Thomas Jefferson Current residents of Tennessee Newspaper Article Influence of Meriwether Lewis on westward expansion.
Compass Rose Middle Schoolers Poem I point the way.


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RAFT Planning Sheet
Know (facts, vocab) think about the KNOW when
planning the Role or Audience? Understand
(statement) think about the Understand when
writing the topics Do (verb) This might be
the guide for the format?
Role Audience Format Topic
Quadriceps Athlete Letter How to protect me.
Raphael Andy Warhol Poem Lessons from the School of Athens
Quarter note Rest Poem How much time you got?


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RAFT Planning Sheet
Know (facts, vocab) think about the KNOW when
planning the Role or Audience? Understand
(statement) think about the Understand when
writing the topics Do (verb) This might be the
guide for the format?
Role Audience Format Topic
William Harvey Lungs Drawing Lets circulate!
Mesosphere Thermo-sphere Poem Were reflective
Rocket Fuel Rocket Engine Letter Lets get going!
Moon Ocean Tide Poem Ive got pull

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Angles Relationship RAFT
Role Audience Format Topic
One vertical angle Opposite vertical angle Poem Its like looking in a mirror
Interior (exterior) angle Alternate interior (exterior) angle Invitation to a family reunion My separated twin
Acute angle Missing angle Wanted poster Wanted My complement
An angle less than 180 Supplementary angle Persuasive speech Together, were a straight angle
Angles Humans Video See, were everywhere!
This last entry would take more time than the
previous 4 lines, and assesses a little
differently. You could offer it as an option
with a later due date, but you would need to
specify that they need to explain what the angles
are, and anything specific that you want to know
such as what is the angles complement or is
there a vertical angle that corresponds, etc.
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Algebra RAFT
Role Audience Format Topic
Coefficient Variable Email We belong together
Scale / Balance Students Advice column Keep me in mind when solving an equation
Variable Humans Monologue All that I can be
Variable Algebra students Instruction manual How and why to isolate me
Algebra Public Passionate plea Why you really do need me!
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RAFT assignment Foods Unit
Role Cookbook Writer Audience Cooks Format Recipe Topic Instructions on food preparation
Chef Customer Menu Detailed description of food preparation
Customer Restaurant Owner Complaint Problem with food or poor service
Student Overseas Travel Writer Parents Reader wanting to travel Letter Recommendation Describing a typical meal you eat with your guest family Good things to eat while in Germany, what to avoid
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Consumer Education Class RAFT In this RAFT, all
students will have a Topic that focus on food
safety practices. The Formats are meant to appeal
to different learning styles.
Role Audience Format Topic
Raw chicken pieces Chefs in training Dramatic speech Why foods like me (poultry) require special handling and care of utensils
Cartoon characters Saturday morning viewers Jingle, rap, or chant The importance of cleanliness and washing hands
National Restaurant Organization Restaurant workers Illustrated Poster or Flow Diagram Proper care of knives and cutting boards
Bacteria Ground beef Role play or simulation Dangers of thawing meat out on a counter
Power Company Consumer Relations Dept. Homeowners who have lost power for 3 days due to hurricane or ice storm Consumer Alert messages for broadcast on TV What to do with items from the refrigerator and freezer that have come to room temperature
Mayonnaise in egg salad Picnickers Urgent Email Watch out! Im going to get you!
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Possible Role or Audience Ideas for a RAFTChoose
ideas that advance the learning goals.
Characters from a story Public service job Key terms Scientists or politicians
Historical figures Musical instruments Diseases Geographic formations
Vocabulary words Cartoon characters Types of fabric Composers or artists
Instruments or tools Shapes or colors Authors or inventors Business or industry person
Minerals or chemical elements Cities, countries, continents Brand name object Technical terms
Tradesman or other job Animals, birds, pets Body systems Celebrity or talk show host
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RAFT Planning Sheet
Know (facts, vocab) think about the KNOW when
planning the Role or Audience? Understand
(statement) think about the Understand when
writing the topics Do (verb) This might be
the guide for the format?
Role Audience Format Topic