Input/Output

1
Input/Output

• Lindsay Robertson
• Sarah Wilson
• Katie Luscombe

2
What is Input?What is Output?Are there
different kinds?

• How many of you are TESOL minors???

3
Second Language Acquisition

• Interactionist Theory importance of two way
  communication in the target language.
• Nativist Theory comprehensible target language
  input which is one-way.

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Different Types of Input

• Comprehensible Input
• Meaning - focused Input
• Interactive Input
• Modified Input

5
Comprehensible Input

• First hypothesized by Stephen Krashen over 30
  years ago.
• Expanded Chomskys Language Acquisition Device.
• Language acquisition takes place during human
  interaction in the target language.

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Comprehensible Input

• Krashen
• i1
• This hypothesis is concerned more with
  acquisition not learning
• The only time a learner can understand the input
  if they can connect to prior knowledge and known
  concepts

7
Meaning-Focused Input

• Learning through listening and reading.
• Main focus is gaining knowledge and understanding
  of what is read or listened to.
• Examples extensive reading, listening to
  stories, watching a movie, and being a listener
  in a conversation.

8
Modified Input

• Teacher talk
• Foreigner talk
• Not simply speaking loudly
• For example Native speaker speaking slower and
  more deliberately to a non-native speaker.

9
Interactive Input

• Long
• Interactionist
• Significance of interactional modifications which
  occur in the negotiating of meaning when
  communication problems arrive.

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What are your experiences using these types of
input????

• You dont always necessarily have to switch into
  English to make something comprehensible!!!!!

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Output

• Comprehensible Output
• Comprehensible Input from the other prespective.
• Producing language at a level that can be
  understand by your conversational partner.
• Pushed Output

12
Output

• Swain Output Hypothesis (1985)
• Producing language is part of the process of
  second language learning.
• Noticing/Triggering Function
• Hypothesis Testing Function
• Metalinquistic (Reflective) Function

13
What are your experiences with output?

• Think of how many ways you can produce language???

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Why has it taken so long?

• Not till 1985 was output considered really
  important, why is this so?
• What is input without output?