Unit 5 Review

1
Unit 5 Review

• The English Renaissance

2
1485

• 1485 - Henry VII begins his reign
• 1509 Henry VIII begins his reign (and begins
  his long line of wives 6 to be exact)
• He was 17 when he took the throne
• 1534 Anglican Church

3
A Light in the Attic

• England begins emerging from the Middle Ages
• Feudalism collapses
• Money begins to become more important than warm
  bodies

4
How do you spell Renaissance?

• French for rebirth
• Reawakening in art, science, and literature
• Also called "the age of Shakespeare" or "the
  Elizabethan era"

5
The Stuarts

• Elizabeths cousin, James, becomes king in 1603
  (hes from Scotland)
• Son Charles
• 1649 Charles loses the throne and his head and
  Cromwell takes over until what?

6
Exploration

• Sea Columbus and a host of other set sail for
  fortune and fame
• Sky Galileo in 1609 builds the telescope and
  discovers more about the cosmos than anyone
  before him
• The Body William Harvey in 1616 discovers and
  explains the circulatory system

7
Sir/Saint Thomas More

• English lawyer, writer, and politician.
• leading humanist scholar
• Lord Chancellor from 1529 to 1532.
• More coined the word "utopia", a name he gave to
  an ideal, imaginary island nation whose
• He is remembered for his principled refusal to
  accept King Henry VIII's claim to be the supreme
  head of the Church of England,
• This decision ended his political career and led
  to his execution as a traitor

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Humanism

• Revived and refined the study of the language (in
  particular the Greek language), science,
  philosophy, art and poetry of classical
  antiquity.
• Emphasis on art
• Change from the medieval values of humility,
  introspection, and passivity.
• Beauty was held to represent a deeper inner
  virtue and value.

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Renaissance Poetry

• Metaphysical and Cavalier
• Pastoral Poets

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Metaphysical

• Metaphysical
• Intellectual
• Complex thought
• Paradox
• Natural rhythms
• Plain language
• Conceit comparison between two unlike things
• Most famous
• John Donne, George Herbert, and Andrew Marvell

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Cavalier

• Cavalier
• English gentlemen
• Supporters of King Charles I
• Love, war, honor
• Influenced by Ben Jonson and John Donne
• Most famous
• John Suckling, Robert Herrick, Richard Lovelace

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Pastoral Poets

• Rural subjects such as villages, herdsmen, and
  milkmaids, that are romanticized and depicted in
  a highly unrealistic manner
• Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe

13
The-ater

• 1599 The Globe Theater is founded
• 1650 The theaters are closed by Cromwell

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Renaissance Drama

• This period best remembered for its plays
• Bible stories and Christian teachings common in
  the preceding era
• Renaissance more secular comedies, tragedies,
  histories
• First professional playhouse in 1576
• Closed in 1642

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Glance at these things from the past

• John Donnes A Valediction Forbidding Mourning
• Robert Herricks To The Virgins to Make Much of
  Time
• Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress
• Shakespeares background

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Christopher Marlowe

• Heretic, spy, barroom brawler
• Father of English drama
• Born 2 months before Shakespeare
• The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus
• Killed in a barroom brawl

17
Walter Raleigh

• Soldier, scientist, courtier, explorer, poet
• The most romantic figure of the most romantic
  age
• Established the colony of Roanoke (a failure)
• Falsely accused of treason by James I and is
  beheaded 15 years later

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Pastoral Poems

• Idealized the simple lives of shepherds in a
  rural setting
• Not meant to be realistic
• Exaggerated rural pleasures
• Living in harmony with nature
• Celebration of the natural life
• Criticism of the pursuit of fame and fortune
• Humble contentment with nature
• Urban world longing for lost innocence

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The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

• Tries to persuade a young woman
• What does he promise her?
• He promises her all of these things if she will
  come be with him and be his love.

20
The Nymphs Reply to the Shepherd

• Why a nymph?
• Raleighs response to Marlowes poem
• The voice of a female nymph
• Responds that it is not possible for the shepherd
  to promise these things
• He has no money
• They will eventually get old and tired
• If he could follow through with his promises,
  maybe, maybe shed give in

21
Sir Francis Bacon

• Lawyer, Philosopher, Writer
• Counsel of the Queen
• Knighted in 1603 by King James I
• 1618 appointed Lord Chancellor
• Defender of the scientific revolution
• Could have written some Shakespeare

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Inductive Methodology

• Baconian method
• Induction implies drawing knowledge from the
  natural world through experimentation,
  observation, and testing of hypotheses
• Develops into modern scientific method
• Induction is the process of reasoning in which
  the premises of an argument support the
  conclusion, but do not ensure it.

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Of Studies

• Delight
• Ornament
• Ability
• Why these three? What examples does he use?
  What comes of these 3 things?
• What can result from too much study?
• How are the body and mind connected?
• How does he suggest you keep them in harmony?

24
Edmund Spenser

• Controversial figure due to his zeal for the
  destruction of the Irish culture
• Spenser was driven from his home by Irish rebels
  during the Nine Years War in 1598

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Poetry

• The Shepheardes Calendar
• written from the point of view of various
  shepherds throughout the months of the year
• The poem is an allegory symbolizing the state of
  humanity
• Pastoral poetry

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The Faerie Queen

• Is his major contribution to English poetry
• Epic
• Allegory
• English mythology of King Arthur
• The longest epic poem in the English language
• Inspired writers from John Milton and John Keats
  through James Joyce and Ezra Pound

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Spenserian Sonnet

• abab bcbc cdcd ee rhyme scheme
• A key point is made in the final couplet

Shakespearean Sonnet

• abab cdcd efef gg rhyme scheme
• Also has a conclusion in the final couplet

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Sonnet 30

• Compares fire and ice
• How are they different in nature and love?
• What conceit does he draw?
• What is the basic storyline of the poem?
• What is he asking of the woman he is speaking to?
• How do each of the characters feel?
• Why is the use of fire and ice appropriate for
  the metaphor?

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Sonnet 75

• How is the man foolish at the beginning?
• What is he doing?
• What does the woman point out?
• What does the man promise?
• How does he promise to do this?
• Is he successful?

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Elizabeth I

• Who is she?
• Who is her father?
• What was her religious affiliation?
• Was she a good leader?
• What happened during her rule?
• The Renaissance is also called the Elizabethan
  Age