Voices for Freedom

1
Voices for Freedom

• pp. 120-123 - class work
• Write the question and find the answer as we read.

2
Historical background

• What name is given to the age that influenced
  American statesman of the Revolution?
• After the French and Indian War, what British
  measures enraged the colonists?
• Where did the first battles of the Revolution
  take place?
• After the Revolution, what document replaced the
  Articles of Confederation?

3
Literature of the Period

• In what way was the writing produced during this
  period different from that produced by the
  Puritans?
• Name three important public writers or speakers
  of this era.
• What are two key political documents that were
  written by committee and that have stood the test
  of time?
• Outside the field of politics, what writer
  produced the best known works?
• As the 18th c. came to a close, what types of
  literature were still largely untried by American
  authors?

4
Homework

• Journal Entry on freedom check your worksheet

5
Who said it?

• For the following slides, look on the sheet
  provided to identify or guess who said the
  following quotes.

6
Who said it?

• that we here highly resolve that these dead
  shall not have died in vain-that this nation,
  under God, shall have a new birth of freedom
  and that government of the people, by the people,
  for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
• Abraham Lincoln

7
Who said it?

• You have lost too much, but you have not lost
  everything.
• Bill Clinton

8
Who said it?

• You are never strong enough that you dont need
  help
• Cesar Chavez

9
Who said it?

• Twenty-four years ago, President John F. Kennedy
  visited Berlin, speaking to the people of this
  city and the world at the City Hall. Well, since
  then two other Presidents have come, each in his
  turn, to Berlin. And today I, myself, make my
  second visit to our city.
• Ronald Reagan

10
Who said it?

• The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt

11
Who said it?

• The right is ours. Have it we must. Use it, we
  will.
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

12
Who said it?

• This was not just an attack on the city of New
  York.
• Rudolph Giuliani

13
Who said it?

• Ask not what your country can do for you, ask
  what you can do for your country.
• John F. Kennedy

14
Who said it?

• What to the American slave is your Fourth of
  July?
• Fredrick Douglass

15
Who said it?

• Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course
  others may take but as for me, give me liberty
  or give me death!
• Patrick Henry

16

• What are some examples of famous slogans or
  mottoes of your generation?
• How are they different from the quotes discussed?

17
PairShare

• Share your response to, What does freedom mean
  to you? with a person sitting next to you.
• Share your responses

18
Vocabulary define for tomorrow

• Patriotism
• Proportion
• Treason
• Temporal
• Arduous
• Anguish
• Solace
• Insidious
• Snare
• comports

19
10 more

• Subjugation
• Martial
• Array
• Rivet
• Forge
• vain
• Supplication
• tyrannical
• Remonstrate
• supinely

20
Persuasive Speech

• What is persuasive speech?
• Look in your textbook on page 1268 and write the
  definition in your notes.

21
Persuasion Journal Entry

• Imagine your are trying to persuade your mother
  or father to let you go to a party, what
  techniques do you use?

22
What are the techniques speakers use?

• Repetition
• Parallelism
• Rhetorical questions
• Appeals to emotion
• Appeals to reason

23
Rhetorical Devices

• Language tools that skillful writers and
• speakers use to add clarity and interest
• to their work.

24
RESTATEMENT p. 167

• Repeating an idea in a variety of ways
• Example Freedom is indivisible, and when one
  man is enslaved, all are not free. John F.
  Kennedy
• Vocabulary in (not) en (in into)

25
REPETITION p. 167

• Restating an idea using the same words.
• Example Free at last, free at last. Thank God
  Almighty, we are free at last. Martin Luther
  King, Jr.

26
PARALLELISM p. 167

• Repeating grammatical structures
• Example
• Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of
  New York.
• Let freedom ring from the heightening
  Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.
• Martin Luther King Jr.
• Alleghenies mountain
• ranges

of the people, by the people, for the people
who said it?
27
RHETORICAL QUESTION p. 167

• Asking a question whose answer is self-evident
  intended to stir emotions.
• Example So tonight, let us ask
  ourselves -if our children should live to see
  the next century if my daughters should be so
  lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what
  change will they see? What progress will we have
  made? Barack Obama

Or And Aint I a Woman? Sojourner Truth
28
APPEAL What does it mean?

• Noun - the power or ability to attract, interest,
  amuse, or stimulate the mind or emotions
• Verb - to ask for aid, support, mercy, sympathy,
  or the like make an earnest entreaty (earnest
  request or petition)

29
APPEAL TO EMOTION p. 167

• asks the audience to experience their hopes,
  fears, likes and dislikes to persuade them.
• Example But above all, I will never forget who
  this victory truly belongs to it belongs to
  you. Barack Obama

How does President Obama appeal to the peoples
hopes?
30
APPEAL TO REASON

• asks audience to think in a rational way to
  persuade them.
• I could work as
• much and eat as much
• as a man-
• Sojourner Truth

31
Quiz

• There will be a quiz on these techniques Thursday
  and Friday of this week.

32
Project details

• Look at the handout provided.
• Library visit on Thursday and Friday.
• Presentations start next Thursday and Friday.
• Extra credit for those who want to start a day
  earlier.

33
Lets try!

• Speech in the Virginia Convention by Patrick
  Henry
• But first,..
• WHO IS PATRICK HENRY?

34
Patrick Henry (1736 -1799)

• Henry is considered the most
• powerful orator (speaker) of
• the American Revolution. He
• helped to inspire colonists to
• unite in an effort to win their
• independence. After he was
• elected to the Virginia House
• of Burgesses he delivered one
• of his most powerful speeches,
• persuading members to resist
• English rule and go to war.

35
Speech in the Virginia Convention 1775, Virginia

• Henry delivered this most famous speech at the
  Virginia Provincial Convention to urge resistance
  to England.
• The speech impacted the audience, feeding the
  Revolutionary Spirit and the independent ideals
  of a new nation breaking free from English
  dependence.

36
Structure

• The speech starts off with a rebuttal of the
  previous speeches.
• Rebuttal - the speech act of refuting by offering
  a contrary contention or argument 
• Then he defends his own position
• He expresses that Englands actions (Stamp Act
  Townshend Acts taxes on goods paid to England)
  imply war and colonist slavery.
• He ends with a strong appeal to emotions try to
  figure out how and why

Notice the allusions Henry uses - Greek mythology
and the Bible
37
LETS LISTEN

• Procedure
• We will read from Mr. President.. to to know
  the worst and to provide for it.
• Listen to the remainder of the speech on CD.
• Imagine your are a member of the Virginia
  Convention
• Use your sheet Say it again, Pat.
• to write what you think is an example of
• Repetition
• Parallelism
• Rhetorical question

38
What appeals do we notice?

• How does Henry appeal to the audiences emotion?
• How does Henry appeal to the audiences reasoning
  and logic?

39
Repetition

• -we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight!
• -let it come. I repeat it, sir, let it come!

40
Parallelism

• We have petitioned we have remonstrated we
  have supplicated we have prostrated.
• ..in vain In vain, It is in vain..
• If we wish to be free
• If we mean to preserve
• If we mean, not basely..

41
Rhetorical question

• I ask gentlemen, sir, what means this martial
  array, if its purpose be not to force us to
  submission? Can gentlemen assign any other
  possible motive for it?
• And what have we to oppose to them? Shall we try
  argument?

42
Journal Entry

• If you wrote a break up letter to a boyfriend,
  what would it say?
• Have you ever written a break up letter?
• If you never have, imagine having to and just be
  creative. Or imagine two people you know (from
  life or a movie, show, etc.) that break up.

43
Journal Entry journals due on Wednesday

• If you could change one thing about anything,
  what would it be?
• Can you do something about it?
• If so, what would you do?

44
Attention getting beginning (I)

• Ask a question
• Give a surprising fact
• Tell an interesting or a surprising story
• Ask listeners to imagine something
• Repeat a famous quotation

45
Convincing main part (II and Body)

• State your main argument.
• Three main points
• Examples or supportive details for each main
  point
• Answer questions your listeners might have.
• You can also bring up opposing views and attack
  them.

46
A strong ending (VI)

• Tell one last interesting fact or story.
• Explain why the topic is important.
• Sum up the most important ideas in your speech.
• Share a final idea that will keep the topic in
  your listeners thoughts.

47
Speech checklist

• Attention getting beginning
• A convincing main part
• A strong ending
• Persuasive techniques

48
Note cards

• You must bring index cards Monday
• If you cant you must have loose leaf papers that
  have been cut to 5x7 dimensions

49
What to write on the note cards

• Write the beginning argument on the index cards
• Write the first main point on one card
• Write the two to three examples on one card
• Write the second main point on one card
• Write the two to three examples on one card
• Write the third main point on one card
• Write the two to three examples on one card
• Write your entire conclusion on one card

NUMBER YOUR INDEX CARDS!!!!!!!!!!!
50
Delivering your speech

• Practice delivering your speech (we will do this
  tomorrow)
• Stand straight and tall
• Speak loudly and clearly
• Take your time and use your voice to add color
  and interest to your speech. Do not rush.
• Look up as often as you can.
• Use your hands in a planned way or not at all.
• Keep your feet firmly on the floor. Dont sway
  from side to side or fidget.
• Show interest in your topic and wait a few
  seconds after you are done before you sit down.