How did WWI start?

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How did WWI start?
Assassination A leading cause of the great war
was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
of Austria-Hungary
Mutual defense alliances -Russia and
Serbia -Germany and Austria-Hungary -France and
Russia -Britain and France and Belgium -Japan and
Britain
Nationalism Much of the origin of the war was
based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in
Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of
Austria-Hungary but instead be part of Serbia.
Militarism As the world entered the 20th century,
an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the
greatest increase in military buildup. Great
Britain and Germany both greatly increased their
navies in this time period.
Imperialism Before World War 1, Africa and parts
of Asia were points of contention (argument)
amongst the European countries. This was
especially true because of the raw materials
these areas could provide. The increasing
competition and desire for greater empires led to
an increase in confrontation that helped push the
world into World War I.
http//americanhistory.about.com
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World War I

• 1914 World War I began, but the U.S. remained
  neutral (stayed out of the war).
• 1917 - German submarines sank ship (the
  Lusitania) carrying American passengers. This
  forces the U.S. into the war! In April, President
  Woodrow Wilson officially declares war against
  Germany.

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The Lusitania
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Lusitania HeadlinesNY Times
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The Zimmerman Telegram

• German diplomat, Arthur Zimmerman, sent a
  secret-code telegram to Mexico.
• In telegram, Germany promised to help Mexico
  regain its lost territories of Texas, Arizona,
  and New Mexico in exchange for its support.
• News reaches the U.S. and Texas they are
  furious!

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Texas and World War I

• About 200,000 U.S. troops are Texans. 25 are
  African Americans.
• Texas is excellent for training troops
  because of wide open spaces and
  many connecting railroad networks.
• Training camps include
• 1. Kelly Field in San Antonio worlds
  largest flight
  training school
• 2. Camp Logan near Houston
• 3. other camps in Waco, Fort Worth, San
• Antonio

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Rainbow Division
The 42 division of Texas was know as the
rainbow division due to the diversity of the
men. Organized in 1917 it was the first National
Guard division to go overseas, it was composed of
National Guard Units from 26 States, (Texas
furnishing about 18,000 men). At first it was
commanded by Major General John Greble but then
given to Chief of Staff Major Douglas MacArthur.
During training in the United States, they were
trained in trench warfare, but mostly fought on
the field. When the division landed in France
they were not only short on equipment but also
short in numbers and strength, having landed with
fifteen hundred less men. During their 457 days
of service, they had 264 days of combat
operations and in total lost about 12,000 men
http//www.texasmilitaryforcesmuseum.org
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Texas Soldiers in the War

• The War caused significant changes for Texas
  soldiers.
• 1. many got health and dental care for
  the first time.
• 2. many had never before traveled outside
  of Texas.
• 3. many received more education and
  specialized training.

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Texans Support the War at Home

• Texans encouraged to Do your bit at home to
  support troops by
• buying war bonds and
• liberty loans
• 2. buying war stamps
• 3. giving to the Red Cross
• 4. ration food supplies

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Economic Impact on Texas

• Women began to join the workforce to help
  manufacture the products needed for war.
• Food was rationed, or limited
• wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays
• meatless Tuesdays
• porkless Thursdays and Saturdays
• fat and sugar conserved every day

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Wartime Prosperity in Texas

• Businesses, industries, farmers, and ranchers
  prospered during the War because they produced
  many things for the troops.
• Items included
• 1. cotton and wool tents, uniforms
• 2. leather boots
• 3. meat/grain food supplies
• 4. petroleum industry gas, lubricants
  for machinery
• Farmers, ranchers went into debt to expand farms
  for wartime production.

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Social Impact

• Nearly 500 Texas women served as WWI nurses.
• Approximately 5,000 Texans gave their lives in
  WWI service.
• Texans on the home front
• Rationed
• Sacrificed comforts
• Volunteered for the Red Cross

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Results of WWI
-Deaths 116,526 (U.S.) -The Allied Powers
(U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Japan) defeated
the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Ottoman Empire) after four long years of fighting
(1914-1918). -A League of Nations was formed to
help prevent a future world war (which failed).
The United Nations after WWII succeeded. -Indepen
dent republics of Austria, Czechoslovakia,
Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, and Turkey were
formed. -The Communist Bolsheviks took power in
Russia in 1917 and formed the Soviet Union.
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"The Americans who went to Europe to die are a
unique breed.... (They) crossed the seas to a
foreign land to fight for a cause which they did
not pretend was peculiarly their own, which they
knew was the cause of humanity and mankind. These
Americans gave the greatest of all gifts, the
gift of life and the gift of spirit."
- Woodrow Wilson President of the United States
1913 to 1921
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Ku Klux Klan

• Ku Klux Klan was a secret anti-minority
  organization formed during Reconstruction very
  resistant to ongoing changes in society
• Used violence against victims (African Americans,
  Jews, Catholics)
• 1920s very influential in Texas politics
• Many Texans fed up with Klans violence and
  elected anti-Klan Miriam Ma Ferguson as
  Governor. First woman to be elected Governor in
  Texas!

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KKK Washington D.C. March in 1925
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Urban Texas

• 1920s - Texas changed from a rural, agricultural
  state to an urban one in which people had more
  leisure time.
• Most homes now had
• 1. electricity, phone service
• 2. refrigerators, electric appliances
• 3. washing machines, irons, vacuums

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Houston 1928 looking Northwest
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Houston Main Street _at_ Texas Avenue late
1920s
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San Jacinto High School vs. Reagan High School
Football Game - 1928
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Women and Equality

• 1920s living, working conditions improved for
  most white women in Texas limited jobs,
  opportunities remained for African, Mexican
  American women.
• More women entered politics now. Jane McCallum
  held powerful posts in Democratic Party and was
  Texas Secretary of State under 2 governors.

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On-Level Questions

1. How many Texans fought in WWI? How many died in
   WWI?
2. Why was Texas a good location for military
   training camps?
3. Describe 4 ways that Texans supported the War on
   the home front.
4. How did WWI change the lives of soldiers for the
   better?
5. How did WWI affect African-American soldiers?
6. Describe ways that WWI helped increase wartime
   prosperity for farmers, ranchers, oil and gas and
   lumber industries. (be specific to each
   profession and/or industry)
7. Who was the Ku Klux Klan and what did they
   support/who were they against?
8. Who was the first woman elected as governor of
   Texas and when was she elected?
9. What kind of improvements at home did most Texans
   experience in the 1920s?
10. How did the 1920s affect most women at work and
    home? What effects did they have on
    African-American, Mexican-American women?

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Pre-AP Questions

1. How many Texans fought in WWI? How many died in
   WWI?
2. Why were so many military training installations
   located in Texas?
3. Describe 6 things that Texans did to support the
   War on the home front.
4. Describe 4 examples of how WWI changed the lives
   of soldiers.
5. Describe 3 examples of how WWI affected
   African-American soldiers.
6. How were African-American soldiers treated in
   Europe?
7. Describe ways that WWI helped increase wartime
   prosperity for farmers, ranchers, oil and gas and
   lumber industries.
8. Describe how and why the Ku Klux Klan became so
   powerful in Texas in the 1920s.
9. Who was the first woman governor of Texas and
   when was she elected? How was the KKK influential
   in her winning the election?
10. How did population changes affect Texas in the
    1920s?