Introduction to Psychology Emotion, feeling and attention Prof. Jan Lauwereyns [e-mail]

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Introduction to PsychologyEmotion, feeling and
attentionProf. Jan Lauwereynsjan_at_sls.kyushu-u
.ac.jp
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Charles Darwin, The expression of the emotions
in man and animals
What are emotions? How are they useful to humans
and other animals?
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Damasios 3 types of consiousness

• Proto-self
• Homeostasis
• Core consciousness
• Awareness, attention
• Extended consciousness
• Memory, language, reasoning

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Patient with tic douloureux after small lesion
to cut incoming fibers to frontal cortex
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Two theories of emotion which comes first?
Expression or experience?
James and Lange the expression Cannon and Bard
the experience
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The limbic system Papez Circuit
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Problems with Papez circuit

• Single emotion concept, too simplistic
• Hippocampus no longer primarily associated with
  emotional function rather memory
• (but not entirely wrong either,
• cf. fear conditioning, and the role of
  reward/punishment
• in memory and learning)
• Doesnt mention other structures that are
  important for emotion e.g., amygdala (fear,
  aggression) and the dopamine system (reward)

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The amygdala
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When the amygdala dont workas they are supposed
to

• Buried in the temporal lobe Klüver-Bucy
  syndrome
• Psychic blindness
• Oral tendencies
• Altered sexual behaviour
• Emotional changes (decrease in fear)
• Specific amygdala lesions
• Similar observations
• Flattened emotions
• (Pribram and the ex-alpha males)
• Stimulation of the amygdala
• Increased vigilance
• Combination of fear and violent aggression

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Negative

• Avoidance
• Negative
• Fear
• Serotonin
• Amygdala to Frontal cortex
• Approach
• Positive
• Desire
• Dopamine
• Ventral striatum (Nucleus accumbens) to Frontal
  cortex
• Ventral stream of information processing
• -gt deciding whether to approach or avoid

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Negative, positive

• Avoidance
• Negative
• Fear
• Serotonin
• Amygdala to Frontal cortex
• Approach
• Positive
• Desire
• Dopamine
• Ventral striatum (Nucleus accumbens) to Frontal
  cortex
• Ventral stream of information processing
• -gt deciding whether to approach or avoid

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Negative, positive

• Avoidance
• Negative
• Fear
• Serotonin
• Amygdala to Frontal cortex
• Approach
• Positive
• Desire
• Dopamine
• Ventral striatum (Nucleus accumbens) to Frontal
  cortex
• Ventral stream of information processing
• -gt deciding whether to approach or avoid

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Reinforcement and Reward
Electrical Self-stimulation (Olds Milner)
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What is this man in danger of?
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The case of Phineas Gage Top-down control of
emotions
Frontal lobotomy
(Dr Egas Moniz, Nobel prize and Poetic justice)
Top-down control from prefrontal cortex onto
amygdala etc. - incorporating social context
in decision-making - abstract or complex
types of reward representation - inhibition
of inappropriate responses