Psychology Intro and Ch 1

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Psychology Intro and Ch 1

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Title: Psychology Intro and Ch 1

1
PsychologyIntro and Ch 1

Times New Roman

2
Welcome!

Before the Bell 1/22
Find your seat in seating chart folder on table
by the front door.
Type 1 Write down two things that are true about
you and one thing that is a lie. Really try to
make these as difficult as possible so even
friends would have a hard time choosing which is
the lie. Type1

Objectives
To introduce one another.
To describe the course
2 truths and a lie

3
Understanding Psychology

Muller-Lyer illusion
Which line is longer?
We assume that people are hard wired to
misperceive the length, but that is not
necessarily true.
We cannot assume just because we behave a certain
way all people behave that way.
Behavior must be studied objectively and
scientifically.

I. Psychology?
A. What is it? defined scientific study of
behavior.
1. Whats behavior? It is any action that
people can observe or measure.
2. Overt/Covert behaviors
a. OVERT obvious (easily seen or identified)
b. COVERTnot easily seen ( hidden covered
or not directly observable.
B. What are the GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY?
1. To observe and describe behavior and mental
process to better understand them.
2. To predict and control behavior.

5
Before the Bell

Type 2 What is the goals of psychology? In
addition write down the four observations and
descriptions of people you made yesterday based
on overt/covert behavior.

6
What is Multiple Intelligences?

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vl2QtSbP4FRg

II. Psychology as a Science
A. Its a social science
1. (history, anthropology, economics,
political science and sociology) deal with the
structure of human society and how individuals
interact with those who make up society.
B. Research
1. Two methods used primarily
a. surveys collecting data that asks people
questions in a particular group.
b. Experimentation involves humans or
animals

Our class survey
8

II. Psychology as a Science
C. Psychological Theories
1. theory is a statement that attempts to
explain why things are the way they are and
why they happen the way the do.
2. Psychological theories are based on
principles.
3. Principle is a basic truth or lawi.e. if
you study more you will get better grades.
(Basic Truths WS)

After I take attendanceget up and find someone
with the same color shirtwhat did you think of
the test on racism we started watching? How
comfortable do you feel talking about racism?

10
Psychological Testing

Research
1. Need to conduct research so they can
collect data.
2. Research methodology scientific
procedures,

https//www.youtube.com/watch?vsYQVDik69Nw
racial bias
11

B. Experimental Research The Study of Cause
and Effect
1. The Theory most experimental research is
generated by a theoryit is an unrelated set of
concepts that explains a body of data and can be
used to predict results of future experiments.
- not a guess explanations of behavior
developed after extensive research and
observations.

https//www.youtube.com/watch?v1v9neHgknMU Video
games in life
12
Happy Tuesday

At your table discuss the Milgram experiment on
authority and decide if you agree or disagree
with his hypothesis.

Fridays Schedule 1st Hour 2nd Hour 3rd
Hour 5th Hour 4th Hour- LUNCH 6th hour Assembly
13

2. The Hypothesis
a. possible explanation for a behavior
being studied that is expressed as a prediction
or a statement of cause and effect.

https//www.youtube.com/watch?vBcvSNg0HZwk
Stanley Milgram Obedience to Authority
14

3. Independent and Dependent Variables
a. Independent variable factor that is
selected and manipulated by the experimenter
and is totally independent of anything the
subject does
In Miligram the IV the manipulated factors
proximity of the learning, whether or not
experimenter was present, gender, and others to
determine their effect on obedience these are
independent variables.

3. Independent and Dependent Variables
a. Dependent variable measureable behavior
exhibited by the participant.
In Miligram the IV the highest level of shock
administered by participant. .

4. Control Condition part of an experiment in
which participants are treated identically to
participants in the experimental condition except
that the independent variable is not applied to
them.

5. Experimental Condition part of an experiment
in which the independent variable is applied to
the participants.

6. Placebo substance that would normally produce
no physiological effect that is used as a control
technique, usually in drug research.
7. Placebo effect - a change in participants
behavior brought about because they believe thy
have received a drug that elicits a change.

8. Experiment Bias tendency of experimenters to
influence the results of research in the expected
direction.
9. Double blind study experiment in which
neither the participant nor the experiment knows
which treatment is being given to the participant
.

10. Sample a selected group of participants that
is representative of a larger population.
11.Population the total of all possible cases
from which a sample is selected.
12. Sample Bias the tendency for the sample of
participants in a research study to be atypical
of a larger population.

C. Nonexperimental research Techniques
1. Naturalistic Observation systematically
record the behavior of participants in their
natural state or habitat.
2. Surveys nonexperimental research that
sample behaviors and attitudes of a population.
3. Case-study in depth study of a single
research subject.

https//www.youtube.com/watch?vBHA3YpjdqZs
https//www.youtube.com/watch?veOphgCJX1FY
22
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vrtGJQq_NMtofeature
channel

III. What do Psychologist Do?
A. There are a variety of fields that involve
psychology.
1. Clinical Psychology (largest group) what
most people think of when they think of
psychologist. (specialty areas child mental
health, adult mental health, learning
disabilities, geriatrics, and general health.
a. trained to evaluate mental health, help
people overcome problems and adjust to
demands in their lives.
b. Work environment hospitals, prisons,
university clinics, private practice. Note
Psychiatrist - a medical doctor who specializes
in the treatment of psychological problems and
who can prescribe medication for clients.

23
Happy Wednesday 1/30New Seats

Type 2 what is the difference between a dependent
and an independent variable?
Type 1 Brainstorm as many different jobs you
know that are related to psychology.

III. What do Psychologist Do?
A. There are a variety of fields that involve
psychology.
2. Counseling Psychology
a. uses interviews and test to determine
problems.
b. generally treat persons with adjustment
problems not serious psychological
disorders. (decision about career, hard
time making friends, conflict resolution)
3. School Psychology http//www.youtube.com/watc
h?vNZrin2c6H0Q
- Peer and family issues, learning challenges,
observe in classroom, recommends placement
in programs.
4. Educational Psychology
a. Focus on course planning and instructional
methods for an entire school rather than a
student.

5. Developmental Psychology
a. changes that occur in a persons life
(physical, emotional, cognitive, social)
b. special interest in adolescence
6. Personality Psychology
a. identify human characteristics or traits
and study their developments.
b. special interest in anxiety, aggression,
and gender roles.

7. Experimental Psychology
1. conduct experimental research
2. explore biological and psychological
reasons for cognitive behavior. (biological
psychologist ) combine the bio and the
psychological relationships
3. BASIC RESEARCH has no immediate
application and is done for its own sake
(often their findings are used by other
specialists
4. Applied research conducted to answer
specific real- world questions about behavior
(done in almost all psychological disciplines)

8. Applied fields of psychology
a. Industrial and Organizational Psychology
(how businesses and org. work)
b. Human Factors Psychology (related to
above) best ways to design products for
people to use
c. Community Psychology - create social
systems that promote individual well-being
(mental health centers, hospital programs,
school based programs)
d. Forensic Psychology work within cjs
select police officers, job stress, how to
handle dangerous situations,
e. Health Psychology health care
professionals
f. Rehabilitation Psychology disabled
individuals
g. Cross-Cultural Psychology mental process
under different cultural conditions.

28
Welcome!

Before the Bell
After attendance move with your partner.
Youll have ½ to prep for presentation.

Objectives
List the different fields of psychology.
Describe the advantages of conduction an
experiment to study a research question.

Before the Bell

Objectives
To finish presenting types of jobs in psychology.
To begin research the schools of psychological
thought.

Before the Bell 9/12
Type 1 What three things are you worried about
as you anticipate this project today?

Objectives
To research theories of psychology

31
Write these Down

Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalytic Theory
Gestalt Psychology
Behaviorists
Humanistic Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychobiology
Eclectic View

32
Write these Down

Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalytic Theory
Gestalt Psychology
Behaviorists
Humanistic Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychobiology
Eclectic View

33
As a Group/individual

Research your psychology school of thought. You
can use any resources you want.
We are going to compare/contrast the different
schools of thought.

34
School Founder/s Main Ideas Critics Extras

35

Before the Bell 9/13
Type 2 Explain your school or theory of
psychology in three sentences.

Objectives
To research theories of psychology

Before the Bell 9/14
Get your posters.

Objectives
To jigsaw our theories of psychology.

Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalytic Theory
Gestalt Psychology
Behaviorists
Humanistic Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychobiology
Eclectic View

Before the Bell 9/17
Get your posters.

Objectives
To jigsaw our theories of psychology.

Structuralism
Functionalism
Psychoanalytic Theory
Gestalt Psychology
Behaviorists
Humanistic Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Psychobiology
Eclectic View

38
FCAs on Poster

Use less than 10 words on the poster (30 points)
other than listing name, founder, and critics
Represent at least three ideas behind the
psychological school in picture or
illustrations/diagrams. (50)
Is large enough to read across the room and is
with no misspelled words (20)

39
Quiz

Which school used the phrase stream of
consciousness?
Which school focused on objective sensations and
subjective feelings?
Which school was considered talk therapy and
had three separate personalities?
Which man/school said behavior must be
measurable and observable to be psychology?
This man/school used reinforcement over and over
again?
This school said the brain looks to make things
into whole pictures.
Which school or thought is used the most in
psychology today?

Pioneers in Psychology
(the scientific revolution lead to the birth of
modern psychology in the 1800s)
A. Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism (1832-1920)
1. Structuralists concerned with discovering
the basic elements of consciousness.
2. Objective sensations and subjective
feelings.
a. objective sensations assumed to
accurately reflect the outside world.
b. subjective feelings thought to include
emotional responses and mental images.
3. Thought the mind functioned by combining
the two.
4. Relied on introspection
5. What are the elements of the psychological
process?

Pioneers in Psychology
B. William James and Functionalism
1. Experiences is a continuous stream of
consciousness
2. Focused on the relationships between the
experience and behavior
3. The Principles of Psychology 1890 (first
modern psychology book)
4. Functionalism - concerned with how mental
process help organism adapt to their environment
5. Relied on behavioral observation in the lab
and introspection
6. What are the functions of the psychological
process?
7. Adaptive behavior patterns are learned and
maintained because they are successful.

42
Happy Hump Day

Before the Bell 9/19
Get out your notes
Review at your table the schools weve looked at

Objectives
To discuss schools of thought on Psychology

Pioneers in Psychology
C. Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis (1856-1939)
1. The importance of unconscious motives and
internal conflicts in determining and
understanding human behavior.
2. Theory became part of pop culture. (ie
interpret slip of the tongue or dreams?)
3. While structuralists and functionalists did
most of their research in the lab, Freud did
his with patients.
4. Talking cure talk through your problems.
5. Believed unconscious process (sexual and
aggressive urges) more important than conscious
experience
6. Psychodynamic thinking - assumed most of
what exists in a persons mind is unconscious
and has conflict impulses, urges and wishes.
7. Psychoanalytic theory used hypnosis,
dream analysis, and fee association to revel
unconscious thoughts.

Pioneers in Psychology
D. John B. Watson and Behaviorism (1878-1958)
1. Agreed with functionalism's focus on
importance of learning, but he believed that it
was unscientific to study a construct like
consciousnessbelieved only an individual can
know that.
2. Stressed if it was to be a science must
focus on observable and measurable behavior.
3. Regardless of who we think we really are
inside, we can be totally conditioned by
external events. Our belief in individual
choice is just an illusion.

Pioneers in Psychology
F. B.F. Skinner and Reinforcement (1904-1990)
1. added to the behaviorist tradition by
introduction the concept of reinforcement.
2. Animals is rewarded he will do it again.
3. Thought it was dumb to try to understand the
inner person believed we are the external causes
of behavior .
4.Thinking is behaving
5. The mistake is an allocating the behavior
to the mind.

Pioneers in Psychology
G. The Gestalt School (Gestalt Psychology)
1. Developed as an alternative to behaviorism
and structuralism.
2. German psychologists Max Wertheimer, Kurt
Koffka, and Wolfgang Kholer felt that
behaviorism was only concerned with treating a
specific problem outside of this larger context.
3. Formed their school. Gestalt (shape or form)
is based on the idea that our perceptions of
objects are more than sums of their parts.
4. Reject the structurilaists idea that
experience can be broken down into parts or
elements.
5. Principals of Gestalt
a. similarity objects look similar, people
tend to recognize a pattern and perceive them
as a united whole.
b. closure people fill in the missing
information when enough of the shape of an
object is indicated.

Pioneers in Psychology
G. The Gestalt School (Gestalt Psychology)
6. Reject the behaviorist notion that
psychologist should only concentrate on
observable behavior.
7. Believe that learning is a active and
purposeful.
8. Demonstrated that much learning (problem
solving( is accomplished by insight.

Pioneers in Psychology
H. Psychology Today Eclectic View
1. Most modern psychologists talk about the
eight basic perspectives that influence the
topics psychologists study, how they conduct
their research, and what information they
consider important. (different than your book)
2. Biological, Evolutionary, cognitive,
humanistic, psychoanalytic, learning,
sociocultural, biopsychosocial.
3. Most psychologist today recognize the value
of each orientation and believe that no one view
has all the answers.
4. Most use an eclectic approach using
different perspectives as they suite the
situation at hand.

49
Perspective Subject Matter Key Assumption Influenced By
Biological Nervous system, glands and hormones, genetic factors Biological process influence behavior and mental process. Associations and neuroscience.
Evolutionary Physical traits, social behavior Adaptive organisms survive and transmit their genes to future generations. Charles Darwin and evolution
Cognitive Interpretation of mental images, thinking, language Perceptions and thoughts influence behavior Structuralism, functionalism, and Gestalt psychology
Humanistic Self-concept People make free and conscious choices based on their unique experiences. Introspection and belief in free will
Psychoanalytic Unconscious processes, early childhood experiences Unconscious motives influence behavior. Sigmund Freud
Learning Environmental influences, learning, observational learning Personal experiences and reinforcement guide individual development. John B. Watson and behaviorism
Sociocultural Ethnicity, gender, culture, religion, socio-economic status Sociocultural, biological, and psychological factors create individual differences Social, environmental, and cross-cultural psychology
Biopsychosocial Biology, psychology, social factors Mental processes are influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Holistic health and social psychology
50

V. Cultural Psychology
A. What is it?
1. Study influence of culture and the practice
on peoples behavior to determine which
behaviors are universal to all human beings and
which are specific to individual cultures.
B. What is Culture?
1. Shared way of life of a group of people.
2. Includes ideals, values, and assumptions
about life that guide behaviors.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vcM1qfhyocKw
51

C. Ethnocentrism
1. Considering your own cultures practices as
the "standard of comparison with other
cultures.
2. To avoid ethnocentrism, observe differences
and respect them, but do not judge them.
D. Individualism/Collectivism
1. Individualist cultures- (Europe, N. America)
work toward their own goals and focus on
themselves and their immediate families.
2. Collectivist cultures (Asia, Africa,
Central/South America) work toward the goals of
a valued groupoften extended family and are
willing to sacrifice their own interests for the
sake of the group.

E. Universal and Culturally Specific Behaviors
1. Much of the research had only been done in
U.S. and Europe until recently.
2. Research in Africa shows they are much less
susceptible to
optical illusions such as the one below.

VI. Pseudopsychologies - separating Fact from
Fiction
A. False psychologies that attempt to explain
behavior or personality differences using
nonscientific methods.
Examples palmistry, psychometry (ability to
determine facts about an object by handling it),
psychokinesis (movement of objects by the mind),
astrology.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vXSbXfGRFBLgfeature
related
54
Type 3

Project Summary This assignment requires you
write a test for the class which you are going to
give to someone else in the class.
Purpose All the questions should be clear and
easy to understand.
Role You will be writing as if you were the
teacher. Your goal is to create a fair test that
asks the most important questions about this
section.
Audience high school psychology students.
Form Your test must have 20 objective questions
(not more than 5 true/false). You may choose from
multiple choice, matching, T/F, and fill in the
blank. You must also include one essay question
on the test. You decide the type. You cannot
use all one type of questions. i.e. they cannot
be all true and false.
FCAS
1. 20 objective questions (40 pts)
2. Written in test format with headings for each
section (T/F , matching, short answer etc) (20
pts)
3. A key must be provided on a separate sheet of
paper. (20 pts.