Enrichment

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Enrichment

• Animal Well-Being

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Animal Welfare Act

• The 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act
  called for providing an environment for
  laboratory primates that is 'adequate to promote
  (their) psychological well-being.' Because this
  term was difficult to define, 'environmental
  enrichment" was proposed as language that is more
  useful for implementation as the U.S. Department
  of Agriculture regulates the Act.

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What is Environmental Enrichment?

• Techniques in captive animal husbandry which
  attempt to meet the physical and psychological
  needs of an animal in an enclosure with respect
  to the veterinary/medical, biology and
  behavioral/ecological factors in line with the
  species natural history.

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My own definition

• Enrichment is when the animals have
• FUN

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Natural environmentLab

• Field studies of nonhuman primates have
  demonstrated that they employ high levels of
  cognitive, social, and behavioral skills to meet
  the challenges of their natural environment

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Environmental Enrichment is Important for 3
Reasons

• 1.- Improve the physical condition and
  psychological of captive animals.
• 2.- Its more interesting and educational for the
  visitors at the zoo.
• 3.- Help to preserve different species on
  different ways
• a) Increase the reproduction of endangered
  species.
• b) Animals develop normal behaviors.
• c) Life span is longer.

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Enrichment

• a) Allow animals to develop their own species
  behavior. b) Allow animals to take control of
  their own lives. c) Eliminate the frustration
  and boredom. d) Make the environment more
  interesting in captivity. e) Allow animals to be
  more active

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CONOCES A TU ANIMAL(S) QUE VAS A ENRIQUECER?

• 1.- Individual Records (behavioral, medical)
  2.- Natural history of the species 3.-
  Individual personality (eg shy or curious) 4.-
  Hierarchical position 5.- Style and preference
  in obtaining their food, knowing that the food
  is used as the first activity 6.- General
  skills . An animal that has not been enriched
  probably do not have the same skills as a wild
  animal 7.- Personal locomotion, ex. an animal
  with arthritis will move with a unique style for
  its physical limitation

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How can you enrich an animal exhibit/cage?

• Physical Environment
• Social Environment
• Diet
• Senses
• Operational

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Swinging and climbing Lab

• Swings and climbing apparatuses can be made of
  flexible PVC tubing, metal bars, cargo nets, or
  plastic milk crates. Obviously, the selection
  must be based on safety for the animal, utility,
  sanitizability, and durability.

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Physical Environment
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Jungle gym Lab

• Enrichment through social contact can be provided
  in an exercise environment, as well as in the
  housing area. The mixed age and mixed sex group
  shown here has access to a quarter-acre corral
  that contains a jungle gym.

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Playgrounds
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Cage furniture Lab

• Some animals may bully others by direct eye
  contact. Cage "furniture" such as shelves,
  perches, and places to escape or hide should be
  staggered along the room walls to minimize the
  amount of direct eye contact the primates would
  be forced to make if all furniture were aligned
  at the same level

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Busy-box toyLab

• Toys suitable for pre-school age children can
  often withstand rough treatment from infant
  monkeys. These two camera-shy cynomolgus infants
  spend most of their time near this "busy-box'
  toy.
• Of course, for large infant primates, the size of
  the toy must increase proportionately, as must
  the amount of abuse the toy can withstan

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Furniture
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Furniture
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Mirrors

• Plexiglas mirrors can be used in a primate
  holding room to allow the animals fuller visual
  communication with each other

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Baboon corral Lab

• This large enclosure housing baboons contains
  numerous concrete culverts that provide shelter
  for the animals, perching substrates, as well as
  places to retreat from other animals during bouts
  of aggression.

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Lab

• When interspecies combinations of animals are
  planned, it is essential that the species have
  similar communication signals and behaviors.

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Social Environment
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Social
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Staff in playroom Lab

• A third social contact option is direct contact
  with humans, which can be a rewarding experience
  for all participants if properly conducted. It
  is, however, a time-consuming demand on staff,
  and it may be appropriate to train volunteers or
  hire additional staff for this purpose.

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Staff training primateLab

• At times, human interaction occurs in an
  experiment-related context, such as during the
  training phase of sampling procedures when an
  animal is being trained to extend its leg for a
  blood sample

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Staff in exercise areaLab

• Non-experiment human-primate interaction can
  occur during an exercise time. Providing toys at
  that time that are not otherwise available to the
  animals can provide further stimulation and add
  variety to the situation.

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Diet
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Senses
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Operational
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PVC pipes
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Food puzzleLab

• Increased activity in a social setting has
  already been described. However, increased
  activity, or play, can also occur in a non-social
  context. This image illustrates a toy suspended
  outside of the cage and a food puzzle. Food
  pellets are manipulated until they fall to the
  bottom cell, where they can be taken out.

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Size/Form Complex/Elements

• a) Visual barriers
• b) Structures to claim and move
• c) Substrates
• d) Places for rest and sleep
• e) Temporally elements

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Blankets Lab

• Blankets can also provide extra warmth in the
  cage or security to infant primates.

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Items to Manipulate.

• a) Toys
• b) Forage

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Horse Enrichment
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Feeding toys
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Fishing
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Social Environment

• Specific.- Size and composition of the group
  (wildlife as a model)
• Co specifics.-
• Different species together (zoos)

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Diet

• 1.- Kind.
• a) Novelty (rarely)
• b) Variety
• c) Reward
• 2.- Way to feed.
• a) Frequency
• b) Presentation
• 1) Hide
• 2) Entire piece
• 3) Dispersed
• 4) Life prey
• 5) Process time

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Artificial turfLab

• The particulate food can be spread over a
  substrate inside the cage, such as the artificial
  turf pictured here, or over a substrate attached
  to the outside of the cage, such as the
  artificial fleece shown here.
• This strategy has proven particularly effective
  for macaques and other species with fine digital
  control. Notice the look of concentration on
  this monkey's face as she selects the particulate
  matter to eat.

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PVC tubes w/peanutLab

• Increasing the search time for food can also be
  accomplished by hiding items or creating food
  puzzles. Here, a single peanut was hidden by
  wedging it between two lengths of flexible PVC
  tubing. These puzzles take many forms, and are
  often custom designed by facility personnel

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Live prey
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Natural foraging

• In the wild, large amounts of time everyday are
  spent in foraging for food processing it, for
  example, breaking the hull from a nut or
  stripping skin from a fruit and consuming the
  food. This can be simulated by providing
  natural, unprocessed foods

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Foraging in the laboratory

• In a confined environment, food can be spread out
  to simulate this natural foraging activity. For
  example, sunflower seeds, raisins, and other
  small food items have been scattered among wood
  chips for the rhesus monkeys seen here

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USE OF FODDER AND NON-TOXIC PLANTS AS ENRICHMENT

• Make a list of
• no-toxic available in your area

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Sugar cane and bamboo
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Banana and berries
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Bamboo
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SensesLab

• Non-social visual and auditory stimuli, such as
  ability to watch a television screen or listen to
  a radio, can further add to the complexity of the
  room environment. Individually housed
  chimpanzees given the opportunity to watch
  live-action video of socially housed chimpanzees
  show great interest in the activities of the
  animals on the monitor, as shown here.

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Cats love videos
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Senses

• Hearing
• tapes with vocalizations, music, etc.

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Senses

• Smell
• Essences
• Feces from other species
• Species

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Taste

• Variety
• Novelty
• Seasonal

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Taste

• Seasonal changes

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Tactile

• Texture
• Items to manipulate
• Novelties

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Occupy Enrichment

• Learning
• Training
• Resolving puzzles

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Kennel enrichment for dogs

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vOM2ld3_o0FM

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Internet sites

• www.enrichment.org
• www.enrich.org/aazk
• www.aza.org
• www.asp.org
• www.abwak.co.uk
• www.asab.org
• www.azh.org

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2.-Developing ideas

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• How can we change the exhibits or cages in the
  way we look if the animals really experienced
  similar situations in their wild?
• What we want to observe as a result of enrichment?

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3.- Changes

• Routinely make changes in enriching the
  environment of the animals

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4.- Evaluation.

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• Make a assessment and observe for any change on
  the animal behavior, make an evaluation.
• After conducting the above points decide which
  one is the follow step.

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Enriquecimiento Ambiental Como Material y Recurso
Educativo en un Zoológico
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LION ENRICHMENT- STRIPEY THE FRANKEN-ZEBRA
CAMP ZOOFARI 2000


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• http//www.oregonzoo.org/VideoArchive/Enrichment.h
  tm