THE TUNDRA

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THE TUNDRA

• By Dalton Shields
• Ali Georgescu
• Mike Pronin

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Map of the Tundra
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Arctic and Alpine Tundra Temp. and Precip.

• Extremely cold climate
• The average winter temperature is -34 C (-30
  F), but the average summer temperature is 3-12 C
  (37-54 F) which enables this biome to sustain
  life. Rainfall may vary in different regions of
  the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including
  melting snow is 15 25 cm. (6 to 10in)
• The tundra is dry, cold and windy

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Arctic and Alpine Geological Features

• Soil is formed slowly. A layer of permanently
  frozen subsoil called permafrost exists,
  consisting mostly of gravel and finer material.
  The soil lacks nutrients.
• Bogs and Ponds
• Mountainous areas
• Rocky plains
• Low Shrubs, sedges, reindeer mosses, liverworts
  and grasses are some plants found in the Tundra
• Permafrost effects the soil. It freezes the soil
  permanently and many meters down. This is why the
  tundra has no long root system and only short.

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Animals in the Arctic Tundra

• Herbivorous mammals lemmings, voles, caribou,
  arctic hares and squirrels
• Carnivorous mammals arctic foxes, wolves, and
  polar bears
• Migratory birds ravens, snow buntings, falcons,
  loons, sandpipers, terns, snow birds, and various
  species of gulls
• Insects mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers,
  black flies and arctic bumble bees

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Animals in the Alpine Tundra

• Mammals pikas, marmots, mountain goats, sheep,
  elk
• Birds grouse like birds
• Insects springtails, beetles, grasshoppers,
  butterflies

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Plants in the Arctic Tundra

• There are about 1,700 kinds of plants in the
  Arctic.
• low shrubs, sedges, reindeer mosses, liverworts,
  and grasses
• 400 varieties of flowers
• crustose and foliose lichen

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Plants in the Alpine Tundra

• tussock grasses, dwarf trees, small-leafed
  shrubs, and heaths

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Human Impact

• Pollution from mining and drilling for oil has
  polluted the air.
• Overhunting Tundra animals such as Musk Oxen and
  Caribou.
• Global Warming is making the Tundra heat up and
  the glaciers will melt, causing the plants that
  live there to die.
• Overdevelopment of building roads and structures
  in the Tundra will cause people to kill the
  plants that are needed to keep the soil healthy.

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Animal Adaptations

• Rock Ptarmigan- It camouflages by changing its
  feathers and blends in with its surroundings. It
  is a helpful adaptation because it helps it hide
  from predators.
• Arctic Fox- It got well-furred feet. This is a
  very helpful adaptation because it keeps it warm
  from the snow it has to walk on.
• Musk Ox- It has obtained a dense undercoat. This
  is helpful to the Musk Ox because the cold nor
  the water can penetrate this coat.

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Commercial Value

• There is an abundance of oil
• Uranium
• There is mining for coal
• Natural gases
• Iron ore
• Lead
• Zinc

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Questions

• Name one animal adaptation of an animal in the
  Tundra and how it helps that animal.
• Name a mammal that lives in the Alpine Tundra.
• What is permafrost?
• What is the negative effect of drilling or
  drilling for oil on the environment of the
  Tundra?
• What is the effect of global warming on the
  Tundra?
• How many different varieties of flowers are there
  in the Arctic Tundra?

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Pictures!
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Video!
http//www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.l
ife.eco.arctic/
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Sources

• http//mbgnet.mobot.org/
• http//www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm
• http//www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/index
  .php
• http//www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.l
  ife.eco.arctic/

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• DALTON 1,2,3
• ALLISON 4,5,7
• MIKE 6,8,9