Bonding and Chemical Reactions

1
Bonding and Chemical Reactions
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Compounds and Molecules

• Chemical Bond forces that hold atoms together in
  a compound.
• Chemical Structure the arrangement of atoms in a
  substance

3
Chemical Structure

• compounds with networks are strong solids
• ex diamond, quartz, many rocks
• networked compounds have melting and boiling
  points
• ex salts, rocks, diamonds

4
Chemical Structure

• Some compounds are made of molecules
• ex H2, O2, N2, CO2 are all gases with weak
  attraction
• hydrogen bonds are very strong

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Bonding

• Atoms form bonds so each atom has 8 valence
  electrons.
• This is known as stable.

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Ionic Bonding

• Ionic Bonds between oppositely charged atoms
  usually on opposite sides of the periodic table
  (nonmetal and a metal)
• transfer electrons
• form networks, not molecules
• conduct electricity

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Covalent Bonds

• Covalent Bonds share electrons usually between
  2 elements close on the periodic table (2
  nonmetals)
• nonpolar covalent bond e- shared equally
• polar covalent bond e- shared unequally

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Compound Names and Formulas

• Compounds have specific names so you can tell how
  many and what atoms are in the compound/molecule.

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Ionic Naming

• Cations are just the name of the element
• Anions have -ide at the end of the elements name

Ionic compounds MUST have a total charge of zero!!
Na1 Cl-1 NaCl 0 charge!
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Transition Metal Naming

• Transition metals show their charges as Roman
  Numerals because they can change charge!!

FeO Fe2 O-2 Iron (II) Oxide
Fe2O3 Fe3 O-2 Iron (III) Oxide
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What is the formula for Lithium Oxide?
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What is the name for CuCl2?
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Covalent Naming

• To name covalent compounds, you must put a prefix
  in front of the elements name.
• mono-
• di-
• tri-
• tetra-
• penta-

1. hexa-
2. hepta-
3. octa-
4. nona-
5. deca-

If you only have 1 cation, you dont need a
prefix!
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What is the name of H2O?
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Formulas

• Molecular Formula how many atoms are in a
  molecule of a compound

GLUCOSE
Molecular Formula
C6H12O6
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Chemical Reactions

• Rearrange atoms
• Involve changes in energy
• Exothermic release energy (heat, fire, fizz,
  etc)
• Endothermic absorb energy (drop in temp.)

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Chemical Equations
methane and oxygen yield carbon dioxide and water
Reactants
Products
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Balance the reaction.
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Balance the reaction.
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Reaction Types

• Synthesis
• A B AB
• Decomposition
• AB A B
• Combustion ALWAYS HAS O2 AS A REACTANT!
• AB O2 AO BO

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Reaction Types

• Single-Replacement (single-displacement)
• AX B A BX
• Double-Replacement (double-displacement)
• AX BY AY BX