This%20is%20not%20a%20separate%20slide,%20but%20the%20title%20is%20VERY%20IMPORTANT.%20It

1
Title

• This is not a separate slide, but the title is
  VERY IMPORTANT. Its the first thing people will
  read when they see your board. The title should
  be a shortened version of your investigative
  question. You can be creative here as long as
  your title still reflects the projects purpose.
  Follow all rules for capitalization in titles.
• Examples
• Comparing Compost
• What Color of Light is Important for
  Photosynthesis?
• The Effect of Sail Material on the Speed of a
  Sail Car
• Your Title
• _________________________________________________
  ____________
• _________________________________________________
  ____________
• _________________________________________________
  ____________

2
Abstract

• Example
• Abstract
• Advertisers are always touting more powerful
  and longer lasting batteries, but which batteries
  really do last longer, and is battery life
  impacted by the speed of the current drain? This
  project looks at which AA battery maintains its
  voltage for the longest period of time in low,
  medium, and high current drain devices. The
  batteries were tested in a CD player (low drain
  device), a flashlight (medium drain device), and
  a camera flash (high drain device) by measuring
  the battery voltage (dependent variable) at
  different time intervals (independent variable)
  for each of the battery types in each of the
  devices. My hypothesis was that Energizer would
  last the longest in all of the devices tested.
  The experimental results supported my hypothesis
  by showing that the Energizer performs with
  increasing superiority, the higher the current
  drain of the device. The experiment also showed
  that the heavy-duty non-alkaline batteries do not
  maintain their voltage as long as either alkaline
  battery at any level of current drain.

3
Question

• Example Which is the best cleaning agent for
  removing stains? I chose this project because
  many commercial cleaners are expensive and
  harmful to the environment, and I wanted to
  explore a cheaper, safer alternative that was
  equally effective at removing stains.
• Your Question
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________

4
Hypothesis

• Example If I stain cotton cloth with various
  substances and try multiple cleaning agents to
  remove the stains, then I predict that a mixture
  of vinegar and baking soda will be most effective
  in removing the stains. In researching this
  topic, I found that mixing vinegar and baking
  soda produces carbonic acid, which I think will
  break down stains.
• Your Hypothesis
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________

5
Variables

• Example
• Independent Variable cleaning agents
• Dependent Variable visibility of stain after
  washing
• Controlled Variables kind of fabric, type of
  stain, washing procedure
• Your Variables
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________
• __________________________________________________
  __________

6
Materials
Your Materials _________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_

• Example
• Mustard
• Blueberry syrup
• Ketchup
• Prune juice
• Water
• Vinegar
• Baking soda
• Commercial pre-stain treatment
• Commercial laundry detergent
• Q-tips
• Watch/timer
• Plastic cups for washing fabric swatches
• 100 cotton fabric swatches (approximately 3 inch
  squares)
• Permanent marker for labeling

7
Procedure (example)

• Procedure
• Cut at least 28 pieces of 100 cotton fabric into
  approximately 3 inch squares.
• Use a permanent marker to label each of the
  fabric pieces using all of the
• combinations of stain and detergent mixture
  (stains ketchup, mustard, blueberry syrup,
  prune juice detergent mixtures water, vinegar,
  vinegar and baking soda, commercial
  pre-treatment, commercial laundry detergent,
  vinegar and baking soda paste laundry
  detergent, commercial pre-treatment laundry
  detergent).
• 3. Place a stain on each sample according to the
  labels.
• W water (50mL)
• V vinegar (50mL)
• Vbs vinegar baking soda solution (30mL
  vinegar/20mL baking soda)
• cpstw commercial pre-stain treatment water
• (20mL commercial pre-stain treatment 30mLwater)
  
• ld laundry detergent water (20mL laundry
  detergent 30mL water)
• vbp ld vinegar, baking soda paste laundry
  detergent
• (10mL vinegar 40mL baking soda) (20mL laundry
  detergent 30mL water)
• cpst ld commercial pre-stain treatment
  laundry detergent
• (20mL commercial pre-stain treatment 30mLwater)
  (20mL laundry detergent 30mL water)
• Place each sample in the detergent mixture and
  scrub for 2 minutes.
• Remove excess liquid and compare the samples when
  they are dry.

8
Data

• Example Data Table
• Stain Removal Effectiveness Scale
• 5 stain gone, 4 slightly visible, 3 faded, 2
  no change, 1 worse

9
Data

• Example Graph

10
Results

• Example
• Results
• The results show that the best way to remove
  stains is to use either a combination of vinegar
  and baking soda paste commercial laundry
  detergent or to use a combination of commercial
  pre-stain treatment laundry detergent. Both of
  these treatments scored a mean average of 4.75 on
  the effectiveness scale (5 being the most
  effective).
• My hypothesis was only partly accurate. I
  thought that just washing the stain in a vinegar
  and baking soda solution would be enough to
  remove the stain. What I found was that using
  more baking soda to make vinegar and baking soda
  paste then combining it with laundry detergent
  was the best way to remove most stains. This even
  worked better than using the laundry detergent
  alone or the commercial pre-stain treatment
  alone.
• Since the commercial pre-stain treatment
  combined with laundry detergent did not appear to
  remove stains any more effectively than the
  homemade vinegar and baking soda paste laundry
  detergent, I would recommend people purchase
  baking soda and vinegar since it is the cheaper
  and more eco friendly product.

11
Conclusion

• Conclusion
• My hypothesis was that Energizer would last the
  longest in all of the devices tested. My results
  do support my hypothesis.
• I think the tests I did went smoothly and I had
  no problems, except for the fact that the
  batteries recover some of their voltage if they
  are not running in something. Therefore, I had to
  take the measurements quickly.
• An interesting future study might involve
  testing the batteries at different temperatures
  to simulate actual usage in very cold or very hot
  conditions.

12
Future Considerations

• Future Considerations
• Tell what variable you would change if you could
  do the experiment again.
• Include any problems you encountered while
  conducting your experiment.
• Include any unintended results you may have
  discovered, which may lead to subsequent
  experiments.

13
Bibliography

• Example Bibliography
• "Battery." Encyclopedia Britannica. 1990.
• "Best Batteries." Consumer Reports Magazine 32
  Dec. 1994 71-72.
• Booth, Steven A. "High-Drain Alkaline
  AA-Batteries." Popular Electronics 62 Jan. 1999
  58.
• Brain, Marshall. "How Batteries Work."
  howstuffworks. 1 Aug. 2006?     
   lthttp//home.howstuffworks.com /battery.htmgt.
• "Cells and Batteries." The DK Science
  Encyclopedia. 1993.
• Dell, R. M., and D. A. J. Rand. Understanding
  Batteries. Cambridge, UK The Royal Society of
  Chemistry, 2001.
• "Learning Center." Energizer. Eveready Battery
  Company, Inc. 1 Aug. 2006 lthttp//www.energizer.co
  m /learning/default.aspgt.
• "Learning Centre." Duracell. The Gillette
  Company. 31 July 2006 lthttp//www.duracell.com
  /au/main/pages/learning-centre-what-is-a-battery.a
  spgt.