Title: Do the Emerging and Developed Countries Share the Same Food Safety Concerns?
1Do the Emerging and Developed Countries Share the
Same Food Safety Concerns?
- Dr. Stan Bailey
- President, International Association for Food
Protection - Director Scientific Affairs - Industry, bioMerieux
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8IAFP Annual MeetingsThe Leading Food Safety
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10Timely Topics and Rapid Response
- Fresh Leafy Greens - Are They Safe Enough?
- Prepared Not Ready to Eat Foods
- Raw Milk Consumption An emerging Public Health
Threat? - Salmonella in Peanut Butter Outbreak - Lessons
Learned and Likely Consequences
11Global Food SafetyEmerging and Developed
Countries - Food Safety or Food Security -
12Food Science 101
- Bacteria (pathogens or spoilage bacteria) growth
is predicated by temperature, moisture, and
access to nutrients - Keep cold foods cold (lt 4C) and hot foods hot (gt
65C) - Primary methods of preservation of foods
- refrigeration, water activity (drying or
solutes), or acidity - Other variables by location
- cultural practices, competitive flora
- Basis for some religious teachings about foods
13World Hunger Facts
- About 6.5 billion people in world
- More than 850 million people in the world are
malnourished 799 million of them live in the
developing world. - More than 153 million of the world's malnourished
people are children under the age of 5. - Six million children under the age of 5 die every
year as a result of hunger.
14World Hunger Facts
- 54 nations currently do not produce enough food
to feed their populations, nor can they afford to
import the necessary commodities to make up the
gap. Most of these countries are in sub-Saharan
Africa. - Lack of dietary diversity and essential minerals
and vitamins also contributes to increased child
and adult mortality. Vitamin A deficiency impairs
the immune system, increasing the annual death
toll from measles and other diseases by an
estimated 1.3 million-2.5 million children.
15Food Security
- 850 million people (13 of worlds population) go
to bed hungry every day. They are far more
concerned about finding something to eat (Food
Security) than about the safety of their food. - In many countries, safety of water will need to
be achieved before safety of other foods will be
considered
16Waterborne diseaseWHO, 2004
- Account for 4.1 of total global disease
- 88 of 1.8 million total deaths caused by
diseases is waterborne - Waterborne disease can be caused by protozoa,
viruses and bacteria - The intestinal parasite, schistosomiasis alone
may account for 200,000,000 cases and 200,000
deaths each year
17Waterborne bacterial disease- often from human
and animal waste-
- Vibrio
- cholera
- parahemolyticus
- Campylobacter
- Diarrheogenic E. coli
- O157H7 and many others
- Shigella
18Estimating Global Disease BurdenWHO is taking
the lead
- 1990s England, Wales, the Netherlands
- Prospective Cohort Studies
- 1990s US
- Cross-sectional surveys compared to clinical
observations - Early 2000s Australia, Canada, Ireland
- Similar to US cross-sectional surveys
19Estimating Global Disease BurdenWHO is taking
the lead
- 2002 WHO Consultation recognized many areas of
the world underrepresented and establishment of
sentinel site countries, Jordon first site
(Salmonella, Shigella, Brucella) - 2004 and 2007 major consultations to facilitate
data sharing and methodology for better
understanding the global burden of disease
20WHO, 2007
- Consultation in Geneva developed a strategic
framework with an evidence map, time frame, and
proposed elements of a standard protocol for
conducting burden of illness studies
21PulseNet International
- -Pulse Net USA
- -Pulse Net Europe
- -Pulse Net Asia-Pacific
- -Pulse Net Latin America
- -Pulse Net Middle East
22PulseNet Middle east
23Why is Food Safety our Top Priority? (for any
company, country, or commodity)
- It is a cost of doing business
- The changing global food safety landscape demands
more diligence, flexibility, and speed than ever
before. - The cost impact of not doing food safety right is
higher than its ever been. - The benefits of doing food safety right
contributes directly to the bottom line and not
just in cost avoidance. - Consumer and regulatory scrutiny are at an all
time high. - World class companies that win in the marketplace
have world class food safety principles
24Why Focus on Food Safety
- Consumer and regulatory scrutiny are at an all
time high. - The benefits of doing food safety right
contributes directly to the bottom line and not
just in cost avoidance. - World class companies that win in the marketplace
have world class food safety principles. - The changing global food safety landscape demands
more diligence, flexibility, and speed than ever
before. - It is a cost of doing business
25Factors Impacting Food Safety
- There are a number of factors directly impacting
the safety of todays food supply - Globalization of our food supply
- Increased regulatory and public scrutiny
- Intensive animal husbandry and agricultural
practices - Demographic changes and consumer behavior
- Climatic and environmental changes
26Factors Impacting Food Safety Globalization of
Our Food Supply
- Sourcing of food ingredients and commodities from
outside of the U.S. has grown dramatically over
the last ten years - From 32.44B in 1996 to 64.03B in 2006
- Projected to grow to 70.0B in 2007
- Food imports to US from developing countries is
skyrocketing (2007 projections) - Mexico/Central America 13.2B
- South America 9.0B
- China/Asia 10.9B
- Africa 1.6B
- Middle East 0.8B
- IMPLICATION Imported foods, especially from
developing countries, may be riskier as food
safety systems are sometimes rudimentary or
non-existent
27Factors Impacting Food Safety Intensive Animal
Husbandry and Agricultural Practices
- The worlds population is projected to grow to
over 7.8B people by 2025 - An estimated 20 million acres of farmland is
replaced annually due to growing populations and
urbanization - Given these trends, large-scale, intensive animal
production and farming practices are projected to
accelerate in future years - In the U.S., intensive animal husbandry accounts
for 53 of total domestic agricultural income - As a result, about 130 times more animal waste is
produced than human waste roughly 5 tons for
every U.S. citizen. - Manure has been the source of pathogens in a
number of major foodborne illness outbreaks - IMPLICATION Increasing pressure from ranching
and farming practices on the environment will
increase the likelihood of pathogens entering the
food supply
28Factors Impacting Food Safety Demographic
Changes
- International migration will continue to be a
major factor impacting foodborne illness around
the world - Changing ethnicity patterns result in changing
food preferences and practices that can result in
food safety issues - The aging of the population is a major factor
impacting food safety - The population aged 65 years and over is
projected to increase by 78.6 by 2025 - Infectious diseases, including foodborne
diseases, are a problem for the elderly because
of declining immune function - Other segments of the population that are more
susceptible to foodborne disease include pregnant
women, neonates, and the immunocompromised - It is estimated that 20-25 of the population is
at increase risk for foodborne disease at any
given time
29Factors Impacting Food Safety Changes in
Consumer Behaviour
- Changing trends in food consumption patterns
impact food safety as consumers are eating more
fresh produce, fish and other seafood and
organically grown foods - Consumers engage in risky food safety practices
despite health warnings and recommendations - IMPLICATION New technologies and systems are
needed to ensure the safety of todays
consumer-preferred food products. New approaches
to consumer education are needed regarding safe
food handling practices
30Factors Impacting Food Safety Increased
Regulatory and Public Scrutiny
- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and similar bodies in other
countries have in place a foodborne epidemiologic
and surveillance network (PulseNet and Foodnet
at CDC) that enables the rapid detection of
foodborne outbreaks - Regulatory bodies (FDA and FSIS in the U.S.) are
constantly implementing new policies to try and
reduce food safety outbreaks - Food Safety is increasingly being used as a
barrier in international trade of food
31Pathogenic Bacteria do not recognize countries
borders
- E. coli 0157H7 and other shiga-toxin producing
E. coli - Antibiotic resistant Salmonella including S.
Typhimurium DT104 - Vibrios associated with fish and shell-fish
shipped around the world - Many others
32National food laws and their underlying food
safety measures and conformity assessment systems
should be guided by the following principles
- Only safe and wholesome foods should be marketed
- Food safety is science-based
- Transparency, education, and a strong scientific
underpinning equals public confidence in the
safety of your food supply.
33Conclusions
- Food safety and security issues in emerging and
developed countries are different - Even though there are different challenges in
emerging countries, establishment of safe food
production, processing, and distribution
practices will lead to a more secure food supply,
which will directly benefit the health of the
population of the country as well as offer the
opportunity for economic development of any
natural food resource - Basic food safety principals are the same, no
matter if you are in an emerging or developed
country