Creating Educational Opportunities for Children with Special Needs: Inclusive Education in Thailand

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Creating Educational Opportunities for Children
with Special NeedsInclusive Education in
Thailand

• Samart Ratanasakorn Ph.D.
• Bureau of Special Education
• Office of Basic Education Commission
• Ministry of Education Thailand
• Samart.vw_at_gmail.com

Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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What do we have today?

• Legislative Policy
• Educational Services for SEN in Thailand
• Inclusive Education in Thailand
• Challenges The Next Step of Inclusive Ed.
• Q A

Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK



A person shall enjoy an equal right
to receive education for the duration of not less
than twelve years which shall be provided by the
State thoroughly, up to the quality, and without
charge. The disabled shall be
accorded the right under paragraph one and
entitled to such support from the State as to
enable them to receive education
comparable to that received by other persons


All Individual have equal rights and
opportunities to free, quality basic education
THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ACT B.E. 1999
(Amendment B.E. 2002)
The Acts are considered not only to be a civil
rights law which aims to protect the rights of
persons with disabilities to education but also
embedded Inclusive Education for diverse
students in public schools

CONSTITUTION OF THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND 2007


THE EDUCATION FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES
ACT 2008
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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THE OFFICE OF THE BASIC EDUCATION COMMISSION
OBEC ALL CHILDREN MUST HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO
FULFIL THEIR RIGHTS TO QUALITY EDUCATION
Right to Ed. for All Free Ed. 15 Years
Good Quality
Education
Typical Children (Boy Girls )
Student
(Literacy,Numeracy,Thinking, ICT, DL
Employability Skills)
Children with Disabilities
Teacher (Knowledge/Skills/
Attitude/ICT)
Disadvantaged Children Poverty,
Marginalized, Ethnic Minorities, HIV
Non-Thai Children etc.
Educational Institution 'School'
Flexible, Safe, Friendly and
Enhanced Learning Environment
Goal 1,2 6 Provide an early intervention and
free quality primary education for all
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Who are Children with Special Education Needs?
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Out of School Children Analysis in Thailand
Who? Where? Why?
The problems in the educational
system
Migrant Labors Child (250,000)
Orphan (88,730) 14,563 in Ed.
Remote Area Children (160,000)
Samart Ratanasakorn, Ph.D.
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Mild-- Degree of Disability Severe Educational Services for SEN in Thailand
Mild-- Degree of Disability Severe Mainstream Education    
Mild-- Degree of Disability Severe Special Education School 65 Special Ed. Schools 47 State Schs. 13,266 Stds. 18 Private Schs. 1,777 studs.
77 Special Education Centers Throughout the Country Birth to Lifetime (Early Intervention, Inclusive Education Support Services, Hospital and Home-based Programs , Informal Ed. CBR) 77 Special Education Centers Throughout the Country Birth to Lifetime (Early Intervention, Inclusive Education Support Services, Hospital and Home-based Programs , Informal Ed. CBR) 77 Special Education Centers Throughout the Country Birth to Lifetime (Early Intervention, Inclusive Education Support Services, Hospital and Home-based Programs , Informal Ed. CBR)
0-3 Pre-Primary Elementary Lower secondary Upper Secondary 3 (6) (3) ( 3) (Nine-year compulsory education)
Most Inclusion
Regular Classes with Special Support Services
in Resource Rooms (383,196 student with special
needs) in 23,877 schools  
Partially Inclusion




Special Classes for
Autism 197 Classes within 167 Schools. (1,384
students)


(4,892,063 Disadvantage Children in mainstream
Ed., 2015) (51 Boarding schools for 36,897
Disadvantaged Children)
Less Inclusion
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Creating Educational Opportunities for SEN
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Inclusive Education
http//www.bluerollingdot.org/articles/scoop/25
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Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION BACKGROUND (UNESCO,
2007)
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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The Aims of Thailand Inclusive Education
Access, Participate Progress in
Least Restrictive Environment
Expanded Core Cur. Activities
School Curriculum/ National Cur.
Non-Academic Activities
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings The number of students with disabilities in the inclusive education settings
2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Student EFA Goals 8,670 33,330 69,039 100,365 168,247 188,783 211,891 242,417 242,554 238,993 252,182 383,196
School - 390 2,000 2,700 5,000 3,770 15,530 16,910 17,932 18,352 18,467 19,072 23,877
Visual Impairment Visual Impairment Hearing Impairment Hearing Impairment Intellectual Disability Intellectual Disability Physical impairment Physical impairment Specific Learning Disability   Specific Learning Disability   Speech and Language Impairment   Speech and Language Impairment   Emotional Impairment   Emotional Impairment   Autistic Autistic Multiple Disabilities Multiple Disabilities Total
G M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F  
No. 1,556 1,141 919 665 17,481 8,706 5,507 3,983 237,575 78,683 2,221 1,067 4,914 992 4,378 1,353 8,149 3,906 383,196
                                       
Including 4,892,063 Disadvantage children (2015)
There are 41,xxx migrant schildren with
disabilities are in IE programs
1960-1970, pioneer of VI integrated into the
mainstream school.
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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What we have Learned Inclusive Ed. Is
not about trying to change the learner so
that he/she can fit more conveniently into an
unchanged education system
about changing the education system so that it
is flexible enough to accommodate any learner
(EENET, 1998)
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Challenges Teacher
Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
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Next Step Identifying Removing Barriers to
Change
Cw/SEN

Bureau of Special Education, Office of Basic
Education Commission, MOE Thailand
Typical Child



Lack of support system
Drop out
Drop out
Full of support system for All
SEN
Typical Children
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THE END
Full inclusion for everyone, as policy, would
require overhauling the entire structure,
designing it to accommodate everyone from the
beginning not just pushing the child in the
wheelchair into a classroom environment that
hasnt hope of retro-fitting itself, socially,
programmatically or physically. Until then,
individualized placement in self-contained
classes or modified programming makes the most
sense.
Jeenifer,2012