Chap2 Markup Languages from Web Technologies Jeffery C' Jackson

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Chap2 Markup Languagesfrom Web Technologies
Jeffery C. Jackson

• Reporter Tian-You Liu
• Advisor Prof. Rung-Hung Gau
• Date2007/03/21

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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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Introduction

• Two types of information
• Markup information lttaggt
• Character data outside, displayed by browser
• element ltstart taggt content ltend taggt (tree)
• xmlns...

attribute value
attribute name
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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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History

• Initially defined by Tim Berners-Lee, in 1990
• Mosaic web browser on UNIX (NCSA) display
  images, play video clips, sounds
• Netscape v.s. Internet Explorer
• clean language-gt browser defined language under
  intense market pressure
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

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History Versions

• metalanguage a language describes the syntax of
  other language
• SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
  generality increases parsing difficulty (ex.
  omitted tags)-gtHTML
• XML (Extensible) restricted version of
  SGML-gtXHTML

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• concrete syntax how tree structure is
  represented (ex. omitted tags, lowercased names,
  attribute values)
• abstract syntax abstract syntax tree (eg. what
  elements, attributes, values.. can be contained)

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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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Document Type Declaration

• 3 flavors of specifications
• Strict The W3Cs ideal for HTML as of late 1997
• Transitional Strict deprecated elements and
  attributes
• Frameset Transitional frames

replaced by style sheet
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Special

• white space are treated as word separators
• unrecognized elements

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special charactor

• entity reference ex. lt lt
• character reference ex. lt 60
• nbsp (nonbreaking space) no word wrapping,
  multiple spaces

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Attributes

• followed by equal sign (), value enclosed in a
  pair of quotes
• (ex. He said, She said, then signed. should
  be ...quotshe saidquot,...)
• multiple attribute included in a single tag are
  separated by white space
• Normalized attribute value

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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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spacings

• pre used to override browsers normal white
  space processing (almost identical to the HTML
  src)
• still considered to be HTML (ex. lt beginning
  of a tag)
• empty elements no content is contained (ex. ltbr
  /gt, ltbr/gt, ltbrgtlt/brgt)

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various elements

• comments lt!-- XXX --gt
• img viewed as a single character
• links a (anchor), src lta href..gtlt/agt dest lta
  id..gtlt/agt
• fragment
• ex. lta href ...URLsection1gt

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nesting elements

• inner element must ended before its enclosing
  outer element
• block element w/ preceding trailing automatic
  line breaks (ex. p)
• inline element no automatic line breaks (ex.
  strong)
• children of inline elements must be inline

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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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URLs

• base URL

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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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Lists

• unordered listltulgt?ordered listltolgt?definition
  listltdlgt
• ltligtlist item?ltdtgtdefinition term?ltddgtdefinition
  description

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Tables
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Table

• cellspacing
• cellpadding

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Frames

• use one or more frameset elements rather than one
  body element

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Outline

• Introduction
• History and Versions
• Basic XHTML Syntax and Semantics
• Fundamental HTML Elements
• Relative URLs
• Lists, Tables, Frames
• Forms

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Forms

• radio button vs.
• checkbox
• entity reference

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Forms (ctd)

• differences between ltinput typeradio...gt
  andltoptiongt
• look of menu not affected by resizing
• initial value (no value had been selected yet)

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End