Epidemiology of Mastitis Pathogens

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Epidemiology of Mastitis Pathogens
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100 Different Microorganisms
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Mastitis Pathogens
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Mastitis Pathogens

• Contagious
• Environmental
• Coag neg staph

• Bulk tank SCC
• Clinical cases
• (minor pathogen)

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Mastitis Pathogens
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Contagious Pathogens

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus agalactiae
• Streptococcus dysgalactiae
• Mycoplasma spp.
• Corynebacterium bovis

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Properties
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Contagious Pathogens

• Infection characteristics
• Colonize and grow on teat skin and mammary tissue

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Contagious Pathogens

• Infection characteristics
• Infections long duration
• Months to years

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Contagious Pathogens

• Infection characteristics
• Most infections subclinical
• Clinical infections tip of iceberg

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Contagious Pathogens

• Infection characteristics
• SCC in infected quarters
• Very high
• Primary contributor to BTSCCgt500,000

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Contagious Pathogens

• Infection characteristics
• Prevalence of infected quarters can be very high

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Contagious Pathogens

• Infection characteristics
• Before TD and DCT
• 50 of cows infected in one or more quarters

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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Characteristics
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Contagious Pathogens
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Contagious Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens

• Economically Most Important
• Streptococcus uberis
• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Environmental Pathogens

• Streptococci
• Streptococcus uberis
• Streptococcus dysgalactiae
• Streptococcus equinus

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Environmental Pathogens

• Enterococci
• Enterococcus faecalis
• Enterococcus faecium

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Environmental Pathogens

• Coliforms
• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella spp. (pneumoniae)
• Enterobacter aerogenes

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Environmental Pathogens

• Other Gram-negatives
• Serratia spp.
• Pseudomonas spp.
• Proteus spp.
• Salmonella spp.
• Pasturella spp.

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Environmental Pathogens

• Other
• Arcanobacterium pyogenes
• Nocardia spp.
• Prototheca spp.
• Bacillus spp.
• Yeast
• Molds
• Algae

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Environmental Pathogens

• Primary cause of clinical mastitis in low scc
  herds

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Environmental Pathogens

• 1 problem for well managed herds
• 45.7 cases/100 cows/305 days
• 9herds

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Environmental Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens
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Environmental Pathogens

• Prevalence highest at calving and decreases
  across lactation

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Environmental Pathogens

• Dry period critical to control

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Environmental Pathogens

• Streptococcus spp.

Month of Lactation
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Environmental Pathogens

• Coliforms

Month of Lactation
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Environmental Pathogens

• At calving
• infected heifers infected cows

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Environmental Pathogens

• Bedding contributes greatly to teat end exposure

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Environmental Streptococci
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Environmental Streptococci

• Herd prevalence lt10 of qtrs

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Environmental Streptococci

• 40 to 50 of IMI become clinical

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Environmental Streptococci

• 80 of IMI lt100 days duration

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Environmental Streptococci

• Antibiotic therapy during lactation 50 cure
  rate

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Coliforms
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Coliforms

• A MAJOR cause of clinical mastitis in most herds

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Coliforms

• 80 to 90 of IMI are clinical

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Coliforms

• 10 of clinical cases are severe

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Coliforms

• 50 of IMI are lt10 d duration

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Coliforms

• Probability of a chronic IMI
• Serratia spp. Pseudomonas spp.
• gtKlebsiella spp. gt Escherichia coli

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Coliforms

• Response to antibiotic therapy is poor

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Coliforms

• Spontaneous cure rate is very high

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Coliforms

Month of Lactation
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Skin Flora Opportunists

• CNS
• Coagulase Negative Staphylococci

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CNS
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Tube Coagulase
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CNS

• Primary pathogens
• Staphylococcus chromogenes
• Staphylococcus epidermidis
• Staphylococcus hyicus
• Staphylococcus xylosus
• Staphylococcus sciuri

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CNS

• Colonize skin and hair of animals

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CNS

• Free living
• Staph xylosus
• Staph sciuri

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CNS

• Minor pathogens

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CNS

• Leading cause of IMI in most low SCC herds

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CNS
10 to 15 qtrs
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CNS

• Prevalence highest at calving and decreases
  during first 3 months of lactation

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CNS

• Heifers are generally most infected parity group

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CNS
30 of qtrs infected in heifers at calving is not
uncommon
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CNS

• Most exist as subclinical infections

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CNS
10 cause clinical symptoms
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CNS
50 60 response to antibiotics
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