Remote Sensing Data Currently Available for Vector-borne Disease Modeling

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Remote Sensing Data Currently Available for
Vector-borne Disease Modeling
Penny Masuoka Uniformed Services University NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center Katalin
Kovacs Science Systems and Applications Inc. NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center
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Overview of Presentation
Multispectral Imagery whats available and what
to order Data Products - Weather Products -
Vegetation Indices - Digital Elevation Models -
Land Cover Example Imagery and Data Products
MODIS
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Which Images to Use?

• Low resolution
• Greater than 200 meter pixels
• Country or continental scale studies
• Medium resolution
• 10 100 meter pixels
• Regional studies
• High resolution
• Less than 10 meter pixels
• Local studies

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Low Resolution - MODIS Image of Nile Delta - 1 km
pixels
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Medium Resolution Cairo, Egypt Subset
of Landsat Thematic Mapper False Color IR 30
meter pixels
Pyramids
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High Resolution IKONOS image of the
pyramids 1 meter pixels
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The Resolution Trade Off

• As spatial resolution increases
• Spectral resolution (number of bands) decreases
• File size increases
• Cost increases
• Lesson Use the lowest resolution data that will
  get
• the job done.
• How do you decide which resolution?

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Example Estimating Mosquito Habitat Area in Korea
Landsat 30 meter pixels
IKONOS 4 m pixels
Estimate of Habitat Area 5,712,291 m2
Estimate of Habitat Area 5,909,175 m2
Source David Claborn and Penny Masuoka
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Either Landsat or IKONOS images could be used to
estimate mosquito habitat in Korea, but to cover
a 100 by 100 km. area Sensor
Cost Landsat ETM 600
(600 per 185 x 185 km. scene) IKONOS
403,000 (40.30 per sq. km.) Price
varies depending on location. (27 per sq. km.
in Central America) DoD buyers must purchase
through the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agenc
y (www.nga.mil) and cost may be higher, but any
imagery that they already have is free.
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Current High Resolution Multispectral Sensors
Satellite Bands Resolution To Order
IKONOS Blue, Green, Red, NIR, Pan 4 m. (multi) 1 m. (Pan) www.spaceimaging.com
QuickBird 2 Blue, Green, Red, NIR, Pan 2.44-2.88 m. (multi) 61-72 cm. (Pan) www.digitalglobe.com
Orbview 3 Blue, Green, Red, NIR, Pan 4 m. (multi) 1 m. (Pan) Still in check-out phase. Products will be available from www.orbimage.com.
SPOT 5 HRV-IR Green, Red, NIR, MIR 5 m. (pan) 10 m (multi) 20 m (MIR) www.spot.com
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A Few Current Medium Resolution Multispectral
Sensors
Satellite Bands Resolution To Order
Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper 7 multispectral, Pan 30-60 m (multi) 15 m (Pan) http//edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/
EO-1 Advanced Land Imager 9 multispectral, Pan 30 m (multi) 10 m (Pan) http//edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/
SPOT-4 Green, Red, NIR, MIR, Pan 20 m. (multi) 10 m. (Pan) www.spot.com
Terra ASTER Green, Red, NIR, 6 SWIR , 5 TIR 15-90 meters http//redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/pub/imswelcome/index.html
IRS-P6 LISS3 Green, Red, NIR, MIR 24 meters http//www.spaceimaging.com/products/irs/index.htm
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A Few Current Low Resolution Multispectral Sensors
Satellite Bands Resolution To Order
Terra MODIS Aqua MODIS 36 bands 2501000 m http//redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/pub/imswelcome/index.html
SPOT 4 and 5 Vegetation Blue, Green, Red, NIR, MIR 1000 m www.spot.com
ENVISAT-1 AATSR Green, Red, NIR, SWIR, 3 TIR 1000 meters http//envisat.esa.int/dataproducts/availability/
NOAA AVHRR Red, NIR, 3 TIR 1100 meters http//edcdaac.usgs.gov/1KM/1kmhomepage.html or http//edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer/
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What we didnt cover Radar Future
Satellites Others BILSAT,CBERS CCD, CBERS
IR-MSS, CBERS WFI, ENVISAT MERIS, EROS A, ERS
ATSR, IRS MOS, IRS WiFS, IRS OCM, Priroda/Mir
MOMS, Priroda/Mir MSU-SK, Resurs OI N2 MSU-SK,
etc. Find out more about these and others on
this NASA website http//geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/he
alth/sensor/sensor.html
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Data Products Derived from Remote Sensing
Data Weather Products (Precipitation,
Temperature, Humidity) Vegetation
Indices Digital Elevation Models Land Cover
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Weather Products Uses Can monitor conditions
that affect vector-borne disease
outbreaks. Source NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data
(derived from ground stations, satellite data and
weather models) http//www.cdc.noaa.gov/cdc/reana
lysis/reanalysis.shtml
Total precipitation January - March.
Total precipitation July - September.
Average temperature January - March.
Average temperature July - September.
Source Andrew Au, NASA
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Vegetation Indices Uses A high vegetation
index indicates wet conditions that can be
associated with a disease outbreak (such as Rift
Valley Fever). Sources MODIS vegetation
indices http//redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/pub/i
mswelcome/index.html AVHRR Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) http//edcdaac.usgs.gov/1
KM/comp10d.html
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Digital Elevation Models (DEM) Uses Elevation
can be a limiting factor in the location of a
disease. Sources NASA Shuttle Radar
Topography Mission http//srtm.usgs.gov/index.html
GTOPO30 http//edcdaac.usgs.gov/gtopo30/gtopo30.
html Global Land One-Kilometer Base Elevation
(GLOBE) http//www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/topo/globe.sh
tml
High
Low
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Land Cover Uses Land cover maps can be used
to define vector habitat areas. Source http//
LPDAAC.usgs.gov/glcc/globe_int.html
Land cover map
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Example of Using Data Products Bartonellosis in
Peru
Elevation
Land Cover
Areas at Risk for Bartonellosis
Bartonellosis occurs in agricultural areas at
elevations between 1800 and 3400 meters.
Weather data could be added to this model to
decide when and where to spray pesticides.
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Example MODIS

• MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
• Spatial resolution 250m (2 bands), 500m (5
  bands), 1km (29 bands)
• 36 spectral bands (Visible-IR)
• Is on Terra and Aqua spacecraft
• 40 science products with daily volume of 880GB
  per instrument
• Available for free on the internet

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MODIS Products
MODIS
Ocean
Atmosphere
Land
Products MOD04 Aerosols MOD05 Water Vapor MOD06
Cloud MOD35 Cloud Mas
Products MOD36 Ocean Color MOD28 SST
Products MOD09 Reflectance MOD12 Snow
Cover MOD13 Vegetation MOD14 Thermal Anomaly
To learn more go to http//modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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MOD09 image
Smoke over the Eastern US
Source http//modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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MODIS Data products come in different
Spatial Resolution
But most products do NOT come with all these
resolutions and versions
To learn more go to http//modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/d
ata/dataproducts.html
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and Each MODIS Data product has several data
layers (some have 2 and some have 13 or more)

• For Example the MOD13 500m product has 11 bands
• 1 500m 16-day NDVI
• 2 500m 16-day EVI
• 3 500m 16-day NDVI Quality
• 4 500m 16-day EVI Quality
• 5 500m 16-day Red Reflectance
• 6 500m 16-day NIR Reflectance
• 7 500m 16-day Blue Reflectance
• 8 500m 16-day MIR Reflectance
• 9 500m 16-day average view zenith angle
• 10 500m 16-day average sun zenith angle
• 11 500m 16-day average relative azimuth angle

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Whats in a Name?

• MOD13A1.A2003161.h11v05.004.2003183014032.hdf

Product short name Spatial Resolution (in
general) A21km A1500m Q1250m Acquisition
date year day of year format SIN tile location
horizontal and vertical version
Terra MODIS product names start with MOD
Aqua MODIS product names start with MYD
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What are SIN and ISIN GRIDs?
Source Robert Wolfe
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To order data go to
Confused?
Tiles
Data Granules
v004
Layers
order
Bands
ISIN
search
Data products
Data Sets
Bins
v003
SIN
Try the Frequently Asked Questions Page
http//redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/3.5/imswelco
me/imswww.faq.html
To learn how to order data http//redhook.gsfc.na
sa.gov/imswww/Tutorial/main.html

• http//redhook.gsfc.nasa.gov/imswww/pub/imswelcome
  /index.html

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Once you find the data, you will need to

• Get it on your computer
• use FTP or read it in from media (8mm tape, CD,
  DVD)
• View it
• use a free HDF tool or an image processing
  software
• Reproject it
• use the free MODIS Reprojection Tool or GIS
  software

Free HDF tools http//daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODIS/s
oftware.shtml Free Projection tool
http//edcdaac.usgs.gov/tools/modis/
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At this point you may be saying Help!!! I dont
know how to process remote sensing data! NASA
may be able to help
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Example Customized MODIS Products for Federal
Agencies MODIS Rapid Response System

• History
• Summer 2000, MODIS images used by US Forest
  Service in fighting fires in Montana/Idaho
• 2001 Rapid Response system produced automated,
  near real time MODIS images for monitoring fires
  and other natural hazards
• Products are posted on the web within 3-6 hours
  from acquisition http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.go
  v
• Applications and Customers
• US Forest Service - active fire locations
• USDA Foreign Agricultural Service monitoring
  crop stress and drought
• Department of Defense mission
  planning/monitoring weather and dust in
  Afghanistan and Iraq
• Environmental Protection Agency monitoring
  hazardous material sites, Iraq war (smoke)

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Example MODIS Rapid Response Product
Fires in Australia
Feb 4, 2003
Source http//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/Sen
tinel/
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Discussion There are many remote sensing images
and products currently available. Use of the
images/products requires a great deal of
expertise. Partnerships between remote sensing
scientists, modelers, entomologists, etc. will be
necessary to create effective decision support
systems for disease prevention.
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Thanks to the following people for helpful
suggestions on this talk Robert Venezia Timi
Vann Brian Zeichner Richard Wells