ROHS????

1
ROHS????
2
Environmental Protective Requirements on waste
electronic electrical products ??????????????
3
WEEE RoHS

• They are resourced main on political reason, then
  are the environmental target
• ???????????,?????????
• They are the new barrier,
• ???????
• WEEE more like the tariff wall, the invisible
  wall to increase your cost.
• WEEE???????,???????????????
• RoHS more like the TBT the environmental
  related certification, similar as the safety
  certification but misty.
• RoHS??????????,????????????,?????

4
WEEE Directive 2002/96/EEC
5
Why WEEE Directive ? ?????WEEE

• About 90 of the EEE waste is land-filled
  90?????????

Total Collected in W. Europe (1999)- - 764,000
tonnes ???????(1999?) 76.4??
Landfill ??96
Mechanical Recycling ??????? 3
Energy Recovery ????? 1
6
Objective ??

• A producer responsibility directive. It aims to
• ???????????????????
• Reduce the waste from electrical and electronic
  equipment
• ????????????
• Increase recovery and recycling rates of WEEE
• ???????????????????
• Improve environmental performance of all
  operators involved in the life cycle of WEEE
• ??????????????????????????????????

7
Objective ??
Today ??
Resource ??
Product ??
Landfill ?? Burning ?? Throw away freely ????
Future ??
Dispose, Burning, Landfill designedly and
collection organically ??????/?????, ????????
Resource ??
Product ??
Recovery ?? Reuse ??? Recycling ????
8
Scope General ??- ??

• Covers discarded EEE ??
• Designed to operate at a maximum voltage of 1,000
  V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c ????????? 1000 V a.c
  ? 1500 V d.c,????????????????????????????????
• Falling within 10 categories of WEEE (Annexes IA
  IB)
• ???10???
• Includes all components, sub-assemblies and
  consumables forming part of the EEE when
  discarded94 products.
• ?????????????????94?????(????).
• Excludes EEE that is ???
• Part of equipment not covered by the WEEE
  Directive
• ??WEEE?????????
• Specifically intended for military use.
• ????

9
Scope Categories ??-??

• Large household appliances
• ??????
• Small household appliances
• ??????
• 3. IT telecommunications equipment
• IT?????
• Consumer equipment
• ?????
• 5. Lighting equipment
• Except filament light bulbs household
  luminaires.
• ????( ?????????????)

• Electrical electronic tools
• Except large stationary
• industrial tools.
• ??????(????????????)
• Toys, leisure sports equipment??????????
• Medical devices
• Except implanted infected products.
• ????(??????????)
• Monitoring control instruments????
• Automatic dispensers.?????

10
Producers responsibility ?????

• WEEE from private households ???????WEEE
• - Producers install systems for take back
  free of cost for final user
• ??????????????????
• - Individual or collective possible
• ??????,???????
• - Producers take over cost of reuse,
  recycling, disposal
• ?????????????????
• - Distributors voluntarily(but free of cost)
  may take back WEEE
• ???????WEEE(??????)
• WEEE from other than private users ????????WEEE
• - Producers responsible for collection,
  reuse, recycling, disposal and costs
• ??????????????????????
• - Producers responsible for management cost
  of historical waste
• ????????????????
• - Member states as well as users and
  producers may agree on different financing
• ???,?????????????????????????

11
Product Design ????

• Product designs shall ???????
• Allow selective removal of certain
  materials/components.
• ???????????????????
• Permit repair and end-of-life dismantling for the
  recovery (reuse recycling) of
  materials/components.
• ???????????????????????(?????????)
• Not include design features which hinder reuse,
  unless required for overriding reasons such as
  safety or environmental protection.
• ?????????????,??????????????

12
Rate for Collection, Recovery, Recycling
??,?????????
Separate collection ? 4 kg per inhabitant and
year from households
Automatic dispensers Large household appliances
- Recovery 80 - Recycling, reuse 75
IT telecommunications appliances Consumer
equipment - Recovery 75 - Recycling, reuse
65
Small household appliances Lighting
equipment Electrical and electronic tools Toys,
leisure sports equipment Monitoring and
control instruments - Recovery 70 - Recycling,
reuse 50
Medical device To be determined by 31 December
2006
13
Recovery Recycling Targets ???????????

• Example ??
• Refrigerator Weight ???? 100 kg
  (Category 1)Recovery Target ???? 80Reuse
  / Recycling Target ???/?????? 75Conclusion
  ?? Disposal as Landfill ????
  max. 20 kgRecovery as
  incineration ??
  max. 5 kgBack into resource stream ????
  minimum 75 kg

14
Treatment - Selective Removal ??-?????
The following materials, substances, components
must be removed from the product by the treatment
facilities(the information should be provided by
manufactories) ???????????????????????????????????
(????????????????????)

• All liquids????
• Capacitors containing PCBs PCTs??PCBs
  PCTs???
• Mercury-containing components ????
• Batteries ??
• Printed circuit boards from mobile phones ??????
• Printed circuit boards from other devices with a
  surface area
• ?????????10 ?????????
• Toner cartridges etc ????
• Plastics containing brominated flame
  retardants?????????
• Refractory ceramic fibre-containing components
• ????????

15
Treatment - Selective Removal ??-?????

• Cathode ray tubes ?????
• External electric cables ????
• Radioactive substances
• ?????
• CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs HCs
• ???????
• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with a surface
  area gt 100 cm²
• ?????100 ??????????
• LCDs back-lit by gas discharge
• lamps
• ????-?????
• Electrolyte capacitors which contain relevant
  substance and depth25mm/diameter25/as the
  similar volumn proportion
• ???????????(??25 ??,??25 ???????????)
• Gas discharge lamps
• ?????
• Asbestos waste.
• ????

16
Treatment Process ??-??

• Only permitted at licensed or registered sites.
• ????????????????????
• Storage sites must prevent environmental
  contamination.
• ????????????
• Treatment sites shall ??????
• - Use the best available techniques.
• ?????????
• -Prevent environmental contamination.
• ???????
• -Include appropriate storage facilities.
• ????????
• -Treat water before discharge.
• ?????????
• -Have balances to monitor incoming WEEE, outgoing
  recovered materials waste.
• ??WEEE???????????????
• Minimum quality standards for treatment may be
  set up.
• ??????????????

17
Recovery Recycling Targets ???????????
Word Definition ????
Word ?? Word ?? Word ?? Explain ??
Prevention ?? Prevention ?? Prevention ?? Reduced the hazardous substance content ??????????
Treatment ??,????? ??????????????? Recovery ?? Reuse ??? Fulfill the requirement of the desiring designing use ???????????
Treatment ??,????? ??????????????? Recovery ?? Recycle ???? Re-produce or re-process ????????????
Treatment ??,????? ??????????????? Recovery ?? Energy recovery ???? Recover the heat energy or the other energy ?????????
Treatment ??,????? ??????????????? Disposal ?? Disposal ?? Just cremate or bury only ???????
18

Recovery Recycling ???????? Waste Stream
during Recycling example ???????????
Component suppliers ?????
Component suppliers ?????
Manufactory ?????
Raw material producers ??????
Raw material producers ??????
Dismantler ????
Re-use ???
Components ??
Recycling ????
WEEE
Steel ?
Siderurgy ??
Shredder ???
SR ???
Non-ferr metal ????
Foundry ???
Energy recovery ????
Landfill ??
19
Cost Estimations ????

• Collection costs 200-400 Euro per ton
• ???? ??200-400??
• - 4kg pp, 350M inhabitants 300-600M Euro
  per year
• 4??????,3.5?????3?-6???
• Treatment costs 300-800 Euro per ton
• ??????300-800??
• - 450-1200M Euro per year
• ??4.5?-12???
• Original average price increase of 0.5 to 2 per
  electric/electronic device
• ?????????????????0.5?2.
• To be detailed per product category
• ?????????

20
Marking - All WEEE 1 ??- ??WEEE 1

• Information for Users ?????????
• The products placed on the market after 13
  August 2005 must be labeled with
  2005?8?13???????????????
• Marking the product according to prEN
  50419, Marking must include ? prEN 50419
  ??,?????????
• - A unique identification of producer (e.g
  brand name, trade mark or others
  means)?????????? (????,?????????)
• - Date or year of manufacture/placed on the
  market in coded or un-coded text???????/?????????
  ????

21
Marking - All WEEE 1 ??- ??WEEE 1

• - Marking as above with the crossed-outwheeled
  bin and additional bar Crossed wheelie bin
  symbol.
• ??????????????????????????????????
• In exceptional cases, where the products
  size and function prevent this, the symbol shall
  be placed on
• ????????????????????,???
• Packaging ??
• Instructions for use ???
• Warranty.???

22
Information Supplied - All WEEE ????- ??WEEE

• Information for Treatment Facilities ????????
• - Information about reuse and treatment of EEE,
  of components and hazardous substances used
  inside the product and their location inside the
  product and disassembly information.
• ????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ?????????
• - Plastic parts, which is gt25g or gt200mm2 must
  be marked according ISO 1043
• ???????25??????200???????????? ISO 1043
  ???????

23
Information Supplied - All WEEE ????- ??WEEE
- This information must be made available to all
interested parties especially to reuse centers,
treatment and recycling facilities in the form
of manuals, by electronic means or on-line on
Internet. The information must be available
within one year after placing the product on the
market. ?????????,?????????????????,?????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????
24
Information Supplied - Household WEEE????- ??WEEE

• Details to be supplied to consumers??????????
• Not to dispose of WEEE as unsorted municipal
  waste, but collect it separately
  ???WEEE???????????,???????
• Available return and collection systems???????
• The role of consumers in the reuse, recycling and
  other forms of recovery?????????????????????????
  
• The potential effects on the environment human
  health of hazardous substances in the
  WEEE.WEEE??????????????????
• Meaning of the crossed wheelie bin symbol.
• ?????????????
• May be required in the instructions and/or at
  point of sale.
• ???????/???????

25
RoHS Directive 2002/95/EEC
26
Reason and Objective ?????

• WHY? ????
• Increased risk that lead disposed at landfills
  contaminates drinking water supplies?????????????
  ?????????
• 22 of the annual world consumption of mercury is
  used in electronic and electrical equipment
  ?????????,? 22???????????
• Brominated flame retardants emit furan and dioxin
  during heating
• ????????????????????????
• Objective ??
• Restriction of of the use of hazardous substances
  in electrical and electronic equipment????????????
  ????
• and contribute to the protection of human health
  and recovery and disposal of waste of electrical
  and electronic equipment
• ??????????,?????????????????

27
Scope ?? 1

• Similar to the WEEE Directive, except
• ?WEEE????,??
• Applies to new EEE placed on the market after 1
  July 2006.
• ???2006?7?1???????????
• Includes household filament light bulbs
  luminaries.
• ?????????????
• Should not disobey the special regulation or
  directive to safety and healthy
• ????????????????????????
• - Vehicle ELV (2000/53/EEC)
• ????
• - Battery directive, 91/157/EEC, 93/86/EEC
  98/101/EC
• ????

28
Scope ?? 2

• Large Household Appliances ??????
• Small Household Appliances ??????
• IT and Telecommunications Equipment
• ???????
• 4. Consumer Equipment ???
• 5. Lighting Equipment ????
• Electrical and Electronic Tools
• ???????
• 7. Toys, Leisure and Sports Equipment
• ??, ???????????
• 8 Medical Devices (not implanted and infected
  devices) (after 2008)
• ???? (????????????) (2008??)
• 9 Monitoring and Control Instruments (after
  2008)
• ??????? (2008??)
• 10.Automatic Dispenser?????

• Excludes ???
• - Medical devices or monitoring control
  equipment (WEEE categories 8 9)
• ?????????-WEEE???8,9?
• - Spare parts for the repair of EEE placed on
  the market before 1 July 2006
• ?2006?7?1????????????
• - Re-used EEE originally placed on the market
  before 1 July 2006.
• 2006?7?1??????????????

29
Requirements Outline ??- ??

• Restricted hazardous substances
• ???????
• Heavy metals ???
• Lead ?
• Mercury ?
• Cadmium ?
• Chromium (VI) ???.
• Certain brominated flame retardants
• ???????
• Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)
• ????
• Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
• ?????

30
Requirements Outline ??- ??
Proposal by TAC (Technical Adaptation Committee)
TAC ???(???????) A maximum concentration value
up to 0.1 by weight in specific materials of
electrical and electronic equipment for lead 1)
, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated
biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl
ethers (PBDE), and up to 0.01 by weight in
specific materials for cadmium, shall be
tolerated. ???????????????,????1),?,???,????
(PBB) ?????? (PBDE) ??????????0.1,??????????????0
.01? 1) For solder alloys used to attach
electrical components to printed circuit boards,
a maximum concentration of lead of 0.1 by weight
of solder alloy shall be tolerated. For
electrical components attached to the printed
circuit board, a maximum concentration of lead of
0.1 by weight of the component shall be
tolerated. ??????????????????,????????????,????
??????????????????,??????????,???????? 0.1?
31
Requirements Outline ??- ??

• Definition of Material (under discussion)
• ????? (???)
• Metals, (e.g. solder alloys, electroplated
  coatings, copper alloys, steel alloys, aluminum
  alloys), plastics and plastic blends (e.g. ABS,
  polyamide, PBT), ceramics, glass etc. in this
  case the limits apply to mass of the single
  material
• ??, (??????, ???, ???, ???, ???), ???????
  (?? ABS, ???, PBT), ??, ??????????,?????????????
• Components (e.g. capacitors, switch,
  semiconductors, PCB, relays etc.) in this case
  the limits would apply to the mass of the whole
  component
• ??? (?????, ??, ???, PCB,
  ????)???????,????????????
• Assemblies
• ???

32
Lead - Current Use ?- ????

• Solder ??
• Glass ??
• Lead halides and lead phosphors in certain gas
  discharge lamps.
• ???????? ???????????
• Electronic ceramic parts.
• ??????
• Amiable-Cutting metal and alloy.
• ????????????
• Metallic coatings brightener stabiliser.
• ?????- ???????
• Thermal stabiliser for plastics/rubber
• ??/???????
• Ink/pigment/paint for printing/painting
• ??/??/??
• Batteries ??
• Resin additives ?????
• Optical components ????
• Contacts ??
• Power cords and wires ?????

33
Lead - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions)?-
????(??)

• Glass in ??
• Cathode ray tubes ?????
• Electronic components ????
• Fluorescent tubes ???.
• Alloying elements in ??
• Steel (maximum 0.35 lead) ? (??0.35??)
• Aluminium (maximum 0.4 lead) ? (?? 0.4 ??)
• Copper (maximum 4 lead) ? (??4??).
• Solders ??
• Lead in high melting temperature type solders
  (i.e. tin-lead solder alloys containing more
  than 85 lead lead based alloys containing 85
  by weight or more lead.)
• ????????(?????????????85, ????????85???)
• Servers, storage storage arrays (until 2010)
• ???,??? ,?????(?2010)
• Network infrastructure telecom management.
• ???????????
• Electronic ceramic parts,e.g. piezoelectronic
  devices.

Lead in solders for servers.storage and storage
array systems, Network infrastructure equipment
for switching, signaling, transmission as well
as net work management for telecommunications
34
Lead - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions)?-
????(??)

• Summary ??
• Clarification ???
• lead used in compliant pin connector systems
• ???????????????
• lead as a coating material for the thermal
  conduction module o-ring
• ???????C??????????
• lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass
• ???????????????
• lead in solders consisting of more than two
  elements for the connection between the pins and
  the package of microprocessors with a lead
  content of more than 80 and less than 85 by
  weight
• ???????????????????????????????,??????80,??85
  ? ???
• lead in solders to complete a viable electrical
  connection between semiconductor die and carrier
  within integrated circuit Flip Chip packages
• ????????????????????die???????????????

35
RoHS DirectiveMercury - Current Use ?- ????

• Fluorescent lamps, High intensity discharge (HID)
  lamps,
• ????, ?????(HID) ??,
• Painting or pigment or ink ?????
• LCD back light ????
• Tilt switches/adjuster ?????/???
• Reed-relays ??????
• Contact point materials(e.g relays)
  ????(????)
• Anti-corrosion treatment ?????
• Thermostats ???
• Batteries ??
• etc ?.

36
RoHS DirectiveMercury - Permitted Uses (RoHS
Exemptions)?- ???? (??)

• Compact fluorescent lamps (maximum 5 mg per
  lamp)?????(????????5??)
• Straight fluorescent lamps for general purposes
  ???????
• Halophosphate (maximum 10 mg per
  lamp)????????10??
• Triphosphate with normal life (maximum 5 mg per
  lamp)????????(????????5??)
• Triphosphate with long life (maximum 8
  mg)????????(?????8??)
• Straight fluorescent lamps for special
  purposes????????
• Other lamps not specifically mentioned.????

37
RoHS DirectiveCadmium - Current Use ?- ????

• Cadmium plating. ???
• Solar cells other light-sensitive devices, e.g
  CdTe
• ???????????
• Electrical contact alloys, e.g relay, switch,
  thermostat
• ?????, ????,??,???
• Pigments, yellow red - orange pigments ??
• Connection point ??
• Solder ?????
• Thermal stabiliser for plastics
• ???????
• Optical parts ????
• Batteries, e.g Cd-Ni battery
• ??,?????
• Springs ??
• Power cords ???
• Wires ??

38
RoHS DirectiveCadmium - Permitted Uses (RoHS
Exemptions)?- ???? (??)

• Cadmium plating, except for applications banned
  under the Cadmium Directive 91/338/EEC. e.g.
  production equipment or machinery and the
  associated products in certain industries.
• ???,??91/338/EEC???????????????????????????????
• Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts
  and cadmium plating except for applications
  banned under Directive 91/338/EEC amending
  directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on
  the marketing and use of certain dangerous
  substances and preparations. Clarification of the
• cadmium plating exemption.
• ?????????????????????????????
• lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass
• ??????????

39
RoHS DirectiveChromium (VI) - Current Use
???-????

• Metallic coatings,eg. Zinc electrical plating
  surface Anti-Corrosion layer
• ????????,????????????(??? )?
• Metal plated plastics.
• ???????
• Coatings, paints, inks for printer
• ????????????

Dichromate anti-corrosion surface ????????????? (0
.2-2µm)
Zinc electrical plating surface ???(0.5-10µm)
Metal base ????
40
RoHS DirectiveChromium (VI) - Current Use
???-????
Anti-corrosion agent for the carbon steel
system cooling system in absorption
refrigerators. And phase out with exemption.
???????,?????????????????????
41
RoHS DirectivePBBs PBDEs - Current
Use??????????- ????
There are series of compounds concerned.
???????????? They are used as Flame retardants
used for Housings Printed circuit boards
Cables, rated V-0/V-1 according to
UL94. ??????????????????,?????,??????,??UL94,
V-0/V-1???
42
RoHS DirectivePBBs PBDEs - Current
Use??????????- ????

• PBBs mainly used for ABS plastic(arylonitrile-b
  utadiene-styrene)
• ????ABS??
• US stop used in 1976, EU stop
  used in 2001
• ???1976???,??2001???
• PBDEs used in plastics, PCB boards and cables.
• ????,????????
• And Penta/Octa/Deca-BDEs always
  are available.
• ?/?/??????????
• - Penta-BDEs mainly used for phenolic
  resins/PVC/rubber/PU,
• ?????????????/PVC??/??/???
• - Octa-BDEs mainly used for ABS/PA/PBT,
• ?????????ABS/???/???
• - Deca-BDEs mainly used for PA, PBT, PET,
  PVC, PU, rubber,
• ????????????/???/??/PVC/???/??

43
RoHS DirectivePBBs PBDEs - Permitted Uses
(RoHS Exemptions)??????????- ????(??)
There are currently no exemptions for these
brominates flame retardants except Deca-BDE. And
Deca-BDE is under consideration by European
Commission. ????????????,?????????????? Penta-/Oc
ta-BDEs have already banned by EU
directive-2003/11/EEC. ??????????????????-2003/11/
EEC????
44
RoHS Directive Exemption Ongoing evaluation
?????????

• With reference to Article 7(2), the Commission
  shall evaluate the applications for
• ????? 7(2)???????,???????????????
• - deca-BDE
• The lead in lead-bronze bearing shells and
  bushes
• The lead crystal in the glass of chandeliers
• The use of non-RoHS compliant parts from old
  electrical and electronic equipment in the
  manufacture of new equipment.

45
RoHS Directive Exemption amendment for RoHS
Directive (VII) ?????

• Lead used in compliant-pin VHDM (Very High
  Density Medium) connector system
• ???(??????)???????
• Lead as a coating material for a thermal
  conduction module c-ring
• ?????o?????????
• Lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass
• ????????????
• Lead in optical transceivers for industrial
  applications
• ?????????????
• Lead in solders consisting of more than two
  elements for the connection between the
• pins and the package of microprocessors with
  a lead content of more than 85 in
• proportion to the tin-lead content (exemption
  until 2010)
• ????????????????????????????,??????85??
• ?????.
• Lead in high melting temperature type solders
  (i.e. tin-lead solder alloys containing
• more than 85 lead) and any lower melting
  temperature solder required to be used
• with high melting temperature solder to
  complete a viable electrical connection
• ????????(????????????85),????????????????
  ?????????????.

46
RoHS Directive Exemption amendment for RoHS
Directive (VIII) ?????

• Lead in solders to complete a viable
  electrical connection internal to certain
• Integrated Circuit Packages (Flip Chips)
  (exemption until 2010)
• ???????????????(????????)?????????.
• Article 4(1) substances in safety equipment
  for fire and rescue services.
• ?4(1)??????????(???????)?.
• Lead in lead-bronze bearing-shells and bushes
• ??-????????????

47
Implementation Timetable on WEEE RoHS WEEE/RoHS
?????
WEEE and RoHS publish in official EU-Journal
National implementation
Collection quote 4kg/inhabitant from household,
recycling and recovery quotes
Feb.13, 2003
Aug.13, 2004(?)
Dec.31, 2006
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Aug.13, 2005
Jul.1, 2006
Dec.31, 2008
Take back system on the market
Material bans
Amendment of quota for recycling, recovery,
reuse
Deadlines Extended for new EU-Member
48
Implementation present situation of EU countries
on WEEE RoHS ????WEEE/RoHS ?????

• There are 3 types
• ?????
• A type actively to push, sternly execute the
  directive, and they always have the good
  condition and basic on waste treatment system.
• A?????,????, ???????????????
• -B type just follow, they have the waste
  treatment system
• B????,????????????
• -C type antipathy,
• C???

49
Recommendation ??
50
How to approach WEEE? ???????WEEE
Design ?? Bring the environmental concept into
the design scheme, actively and initiatively
research and develop the new material/new
technology/new ideas
??????????,?????????????????????? a)the dosage
of the raw material as less as better, the
number of assistant materials as less as
better, the output rate as higher as better. The
input material had better to be recovery and easy
to collect. ??????????????????????
??????????????????? b)performance/quality/securi
ty/reliability of the product should be design to
better or perfect, and prolong the durability.
????????????????????,???????? c)easy-disassemb
ly design try to design the product as blocking,
easy for dismantling/assemble/collection, in
order to reduce the dismantling fee, and can also
prolong the complete product lifeonly remove and
exchange one part. ????,?????????????????,?
?????????,???????????????????????-?????????.
51
How to approach WEEE? ???????WEEE
d)the performance of the products can show more
benefit to environment, and energy exhaust should
be as lower as better. ????????????,
?????? e)reduce the manufacture cost include
cost used for environmental protection.
????????????????? f) Reuse and recycle design
concept, and lead to more parts with reused or
recycling function. ????,??????????????? Bu
t, Generally speaking it will not solve the WEEE
problem(some people think so, but it is not
true. ?????????????? Design for recycling is
useful when combined with other item
?????????????????? Lower disassembly
timelower assembly time Less materials
diversitygood for lower bill of material
52
How to approach WEEE? ???????WEEE

• Join the Eropean Indstry Association EICTA
• ????????EICTA
• Join consortium of companies dealing with WEEE
  implementation
• ?????WEEE????????
• Collective implementation of individual producer
  responsibility is allowed
• ???????????????
• dont try to do by yourself ????????
• -No competitive advantage, but also no
  competitive disadvantage
• ???????,??????????

53
How to approach WEEE? ???????WEEE

• Material declaration
• ????
• -Prepare the material list, and the materials
  detail location
• ??????,????????
• -Provide the each material weight, these
  materials can be reused or recycled,
• ???????????,???????????????
• Then, It can reduce the treatment cost, because
  the waste treatment manufactories can sale the
  useful materials, such as gold or copper to earn
  the money by using the material declaration.
• ??,??????????,???????????????????????,?????,???
  ???????????????
• mark or provide the plastic information, then the
  plastic can be reused or recycled again.
  ????????????????????

54
How to approach WEEE? ???????WEEE
55
How to approach WEEE? ???????WEEE

• Complies with EU Directive, 2002/96/EEC(WEEE)
  for
• ??WEEE?????
• Marking
• ??
• Product Design Article
• ??????
• ? Information for treatment Facilities Article
• ??????
• Additional Information for recycling facilities
  about substances and materials impacting the
  recycling process in particular the metal
  smelting process included in parts and components
  others than Printed Circuit Boards
• ???????????????????????
• Report template ???? WEEE_Report_Version_1.doc

56
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS
1. Build the environmental quality ensure
management system ????????????? 2.
Assuring the products not contain the banned
substances of the environmental QMs
????????????????
57
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS

• know the hazardous substances content
  information in raw materials and request
  suppliers provide the relevant information.
  Entirely survey to the composition of all the
  materials. Set up the system and criterion on
  factory auditing to all the suppliers.
  Supervising the suppliers on real time. Provide
  the necessary support and help to rectify and
  improve the products for the suppliers. Provide
  the essential information to suppliers.
• ???????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ???????????????????,????????,???????????
• - Test report set up the documentation system
  for the test reports of own products, the test
  report from suppliers.
• ????????????????????????????????
• - Confirm and establish the control point on
  the producing process, real time inspection
• ??,????????????,????

58
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS
Manufacturer conduct Supplier Survey ?????????????

Suppliers ???
Manufacturer ???
Material Supplier ?????
Material, Component and Parts Declaration
???, ??? ?? ??
Establish Component and Material Database ??
??????? ???
Component Supplier ?????
Other parts Supplier ???????
59
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS

• Supplier Survey ?????
• Survey for every supplier must cover
• ??????????????
• - Manufacturing process
• ????
• - Packaging material content (if any)
• ?????? (????)
• - Product / Component / Part content
• ?? / ?? / ????
• - Batteries content (if any)
• ???? (????)

60
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS
Design and manufacture ????? - Design
a)control the hazardous substance, understand
the quality and possible harmful of every raw
material. Set up the documentation system, and
stop the use of the materials containing the
banned substances. And confirm the materials has
much less toxicity
???????,??????????????????,?????????,????????????
??????????  b)control the contamination
during manufacture design the manufacture
process and work flow in pertinence, in order to
prevent generating hazardous substances in every
working procedure or have the corrective action
plan. ???????????????????????,??????
??????????????,?????????????????
61
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS
- Manufacture ?? a) Control the
contamination use testing for
supervision ????????,????,??????????,??????,?????
???,???????????????,???????? b)
Depollution ????Control beforehand, control the
design. ????,????????????,????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????,???????????????,
?????,???????????,?????????????,?????
62
How to approach RoHS? ???????RoHS

• If find banned substances ?????????
• dont fear ????
• find if it is exempted ??????????
• if it is no exempted, then find if other
  companies also content all use, or if it is under
  considering to be exempted by EU
• ???????,???????????,???????????????
• if no way to change, and no exemption, no plan
  to be exempted, no other companies use, then ask
  help from the some EU association or European
  famous experts, provide a letter to government of
  related EU country, to explain and confirm the
  improvement plan to ask the excuse.
• ?????,???,?????,??????,??????????????????????,??
  ????????????????,??????????????

63
Replacement-Example ????-??

• Lead free solder ????
• At present most of solders is the tin-lead alloy
  as63 tin / 37lead (187 C) ???????????(63?,37
  ?)(187 C)
• Main replacement SnAgCu (Ag 3.3-4.3, Cu
  0.4-1.1)
• ???????????? (?3.3-4.3, ? 0.4 1.1)
• LF218TM 96.5 Sn /3.0 Ag /0.5Cu (217-218)
  recommended by JEIDA patented.(?JEIDA????)
• 96 Sn / 3.5 Ag / 0.5 Cu (217-218) no
  patented(????)
• CASTIN 96.2 Sn / 2.5 Ag / 0.8 Cu / 0.5 Sb
  (217) patented(????)
• melting point in C
• ??? C

64
Replacement-Example ????-??
Lead free soldering cost comparison ??????????
Alloy Cost Per Kg (US Dollar)
63Sn / 37Pb 6.36
96.5 Sn /3.0 Ag /0.5Cu 9.33
96 Sn / 3.5 Ag / 0.5 Cu 10.44
96.2 Sn / 2.5 Ag / 0.8 Cu / 0.5 Sb 8.59
65
Replacement-Example ????-??

• Japan companies leading in lead free soldering
  ???????????

66
Replacement-Example ????-??

• Cadmium free Contact point ?????
• At present, the materials for contact point
  are ??????
• AgCdO or AgCdSe or AgCdO Cu
• And the main replacement is ??????
• AgSnO or AgZnO

67
Replacement-Example ????-??

• Alternative brominated flame retardants (BFR)
• ??????????
• - Oligomeric brominated flame retardants
• ???????- Tetrabromobisphenol A
  (TBBPA) mainly used for PCB board
• ????? A (TBBPA), ?????????-
  Ethylene 1,2 bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (EBTBP)
• ??1,2 ?(?????????) (EBTBP)- Ethane
  1,2 bis(pentabromophenyl) (EBP)
• ??1,2 ?(????) (EBP)

68
Replacement-Example ????-??
4. Replacement of Mercury ????? tilt
switches, reed-relays, thermostats. contact point
material (e.g. relays) - replacement
available????,?????,??????? (????????) - ??????
69
Replacement-Example ????-??
4. Replacement of Cr(6) ??????? DACROMET
technology ,invented by US, but Japanese buy the
patent. This material has a good anti-corrosion
performance, and no Cr(6) ?????,????,????????????
????,?????
70
Test method ????
71
Heavy metal test method ???????
Test method ???? Destroying method ????? Non-destroying method ??????
Test method ???? BS EN 1122,EPA 3050,EPA 3051,EPA 3052,EPA3060,etc. Non-destroying method ??????
Instrument ?? AAS- FAAS, GAAS, Hydride-AAS AFS ICP-AES ICP-MS UV-Vis XRF EDX
Excellence ?? Good recovery ???????? Exact quantitative method ???? Standard support method ?????? Can detect most of metal elements ??????????? Rapid and simple method ??????? Reserve sample integrality ??????? No sample preparation procedure, so no pollution ????????,??????????,????????????? Has the certain high detection sensitivity for Lead and Cadmium ?????????????
Disadvantage ?? Take long time and need more HR ?????,??? Bad pollution, and create waste water and gas ???,??????????? Dangerous method ????????? Investment more ????? High requirement to staff ?????? Cannot detect most of metal elements, just Lead/Cadmium at present ?????????????,??,???/?. It is not the quantitative method, just the semi-quantitative method ?????????,??????? Heavy interference ??????. It is not the international standard supported method ????????
72
Heavy metal Detection instruments ???????
Graphite Furnace AAS ??????????
Flame Furnace AAS ?????????
EDX ?????X????????
ICP-MS ??????????
ICP-AES ????????????
UV-Vis spectrum meter ?????????
AFS(Hydride generator) ???????(????????????)
73
EDX method ?????X?????????????

• Quantitative and qualitative applying ???????
• - strictly speaking, EDX is a
  semi-quantitative method, or the qualitative
  method, normally can tell the user contain or
  not.
• ????,EDX????????????,??????????????.
• - As the technical development, EDX use
  standard reference calibration curve, and can
  quantitatively and truly detect the some
  elements(such as lead/cadmium, etc) in some base
  material(PVC, the same material as the reference
  std. sample). For Cr(6) and Bromine flame
  retardant, should use other methods such as GC-MS
  or HPLC or LC-MS for the confirmation, since the
  EDX can only detect Total Cr and Total Bromine.
• ???????,EDX???????????????(??/?)?????(PVC
  , ?????????PVC?????????)??????????.
  ????????,????????????,??EDX???????????.
• Actual usage ????
• - Filtering the raw materials ?????.
• - A lot of manufactories begin to use this
  method. ?????????.
• i.e. Cadmium ???? lt20ppm accepted(??)
• 20-50ppm Confirmed
  by ICP(?ICP?????)
• gt50ppm Unaccepted
  (???)