Surge Protective Devices

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• Surge Protective Devices

Chris Martin Sales Manager Surge
Protection Devices
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Where surges originate

• 80 - Internal Disturbances
• Load switching
• Variable frequency drives
• Lighting and air handlers
• 20 - External Disturbances
• Utility load switching
• Smart grid
• Lighting strikes
• Cloud to cloud
• Cloud to ground
• Cloud to man-made object

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Surge damage

1. Cause disruptions in computer signals and
   processors
2. Degrade component junctions causing random
   delayed failure
3. Cause instant damage to electrical components

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How SPDs work

• Cross Section of a MOV

20,000v
Eliminated Voltage

• Clamped Voltage (depends on surge level)
• Turn on Voltage (always the same)

Clamped Voltage
1,500v
SPD
Turn on Voltage
150v
Load
Source
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UL 1449 2nd Edition 2005

• 2nd Edition 2005 Revision (effective 2/9/2007)
• Expanded OVERVOLTAGE Testing
• (2 x nominal voltage)
• Added 7 hour intermediate fault current levels
• 10 amps
• 100 amps
• 500 amps
• 1000 amps
• SPD manufacturers pass this new requirement by
  either adding fusing per MOV, thermal sensing
  technology, or requiring an external OCPD for the
  safe removal of the SPD

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20 mm MOV Surge Current Rating Curve
10000
1
2
10
1000
10 2
10 3
10 4
100
10 5
Surge Current
10 6
Indef.
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Impulse Duration (Microseconds)
1
10
100
1000
10000
At 20 micro-seconds the MOV can protect up to
6500Amps (1 time) at 5000 micro-seconds that
same MOV can only protect up to 30Amps
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UL 1449 3rd Edition

• Creates SPD types (Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4)
• Surge Arrestor, Lightning Arrestor, TVSS
• New Nominal Discharge Surge Current test, In
  Thermal stress test
• Tested MCOV per mode. No longer a claimed value
• SVR 6kV, 500A replaced with VPR 6kV, 3kA
• Surge Arrestor incorporated into UL1449 as Type 1
  device

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SPD Types - UL 1449 3rd Ed.
Competitors Surge Arrestor
Needs a breaker to pass UL testing

• Type 1 SPD (LINE SIDE)
• Permanently Connected SPD Installation between
  the secondary of the service transformer and the
  LINE side of the service disconnect over current
  device, as well as the LOAD side, including
  watt-hour meter socket enclosures. (Not
  exceeding 1000V)

Secondary Surge Arrestor
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SPD Types (Continued)

• Type 2 SPD (LOAD SIDE)
• Permanently Connected SPD intended for
  installation on the LOAD side of the service
  disconnect over current device, including SPDs
  located at the branch panel.

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SPD Types (Continued)

• Type 3 SPD
• Point of utilization SPDs, installed a minimum
  of 10 meters (30 feet) from the electrical
  service panel, for example cord connected, direct
  plug-in (DPI), receptacle type and SPDs installed
  at the utilization equipment being protected.

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SPD Types (Continued)

• Type 4 SPD
• Component SPDs, including discrete components as
  well as component assemblies.
• (Note as proposed the 3rd Edition will allow
  Type 4 SPDs to be tested and applied where Types
  1 and 2 are allowed)

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Measured Limiting Voltage (MLV)

• All SPD Types are to be tested to 6kV/3kA - 3
  pulses per mode with applied voltage. VPR is
  determined by averaging results. (Per 34.9 and
  Table 34.1)
• SVR 6kV/500A Good reading 400v or 500v
• VPR 6kV/3kA Good reading 700v, 800v,
  900v, or as high as 1000v
• Higher surge current results in higher clamping
  voltages

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Nominal Discharge Current Test (In)

• Type 1 Choose 10kA or 20kA/Mode
• Type 2 Choose 3kA, 5kA, 10kA, or 20kA
• Surge unit at chosen surge value
• Apply chosen over voltage to unit within 1s for
  1min

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2008 NEC

• COPS - Critical Operations Power Systems
• NEC guideline to increase protection and
  reliability of the power infrastructure for
  critical facilities
• What are Critical Facilities?
• Government agency (Federal, state, municipal)
• Facility engineering
• Facilities that if destroyed may disrupt
• National security, the economy, public health, or
  safety
• To include
• HVAC, fire alarm, security, communications, and
  signaling

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2008 NEC

• NEC Section 708.20 (D)
• Surge Protective Devices must be used to comply
• SPDs must be used for each voltage at the
  facility
• Service Entrance
• Distribution panels

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Improving SPD Installed Performance

• How does lead length affect the installed
  performance of a surge protective device?
• Does an internally mounted SPD outperform an
  externally mounted SPD?
• Impact of upstream OCPDs

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How are SPDs Tested?

• 6 inches outside of the enclosure

The surge is injected here
Clamping characteristics are recorded by an
Oscilloscope

• Phase length Neutral length affect the
  performance of the SPD

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The surge must travel through the phase through
the SPDand through Neutral
Internally Mounted Lead Length
Phase length Neutral length SPD clamping
voltage
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Lead Length

• Lead length affects the installed performance of
  a SPD
• 10 sections of cable (commonly used sizes)
• 14 AWG
• 10 AWG
• 6 AWG
• Apply IEEE defined 20kV/10kA surge
• Measure the voltage drop

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Wire size

• Voltage drop across 10 foot cable when exposed to
  a 20kV/10kA surge
• 14 AWG 2,650v
• 10 AWG 2,400v
• 6 AWG 2,350v
• What does this do to the installed performance of
  the SPD?

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Lead Length Impact
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The Low Impedance Cable
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HPI Voltage Drop

• Voltage drop across 10 foot cable when exposed to
  a 20kV/10kA surge
• 10 AWG 560v
• 6 AWG 560v

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Lead Length Impact
83 improvement
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Breaker Impact

• Does a breaker upstream of an SPD limit the
  effectiveness of the SPD?
• Breakers have surge trip and surge failure
  values The SCCR value is based on 60Hz current,
  not surge current!
• Type 2 SPDs must be installed behind a breaker!

These values are based on testing performed by
Current Technologys Surge generator on
commercially available off the shelf breakers.
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The ISMIntegrated Suppression Module
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ISM Design

• Utilizes TPMOV technology
• Bus Bar construction
• N-G filter (removable)
• Improved L-N Filter
• 100 surge rated
• Reduced weight
• Individually monitored MOVs
• Advanced monitoring

300kA Model
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The TPMOV
DRC contacts
DRC switch
50mm MOV
Thermal spring
Barrier
Barrier spring
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Select3 (SL3)

• Listed by UL to UL1449 3rd Edition as a Type 1
  SPD
• 50kA, 100kA, 150kA, 200kA, 250kA, 300kA per mode
• TPMOV/Selenium Hybrid
• Option for enhanced selenium
• Test reports for single and repetitive surge
  testing
• Surge rated disconnect with line side barrier
• DTS-2 internal test port option
• 6 levels of monitoring
• 20 year warranty

THE SERVICE ENTRANCE SURGE PROTECTOR OF CHOICE
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TransGuard3 (TG3)

• Listed by UL to UL1449 3rd Edition as a Type 1
  SPD
• 50kA, 100kA, 150kA, 200kA, 250kA, 300kA per mode
• TPMOV Technology
• RoHS compliant
• Test reports for single and repetitive surge
  testing
• Surge rated disconnect with line side barrier
• DTS-2 internal test port option
• 6 levels of monitoring
• 15 year warranty

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Panel Extension (PX3)

• Listed by UL to UL1449 3rd Edition as a Type 1
  SPD
• 50kA, 100kA, 150kA, 200kA per mode
• 9 inch height for 50kA-100kA units
• TPMOV Technology
• RoHS compliant
• Test reports for single and repetitive surge
  testing
• DTS-2 internal test port option
• 6 levels of monitoring
• 15 year warranty

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DTS-2 Tester

• The ONLY proactive test kit for SPDs on the
  market
• Updated test card for both MOV and TPMOV based
  products with or without selenium
• Validates health of surge components
• Compares installed clamping performance to
  original factory values
• Detects and provides early warning for stressed
  components
• Can be used to evaluation competitive products
  performance
• Part of any startup or commissioning
• Validates integrity of upstream Xo bond

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M1 Standard Monitoring

• LED indication per phase
• Audible alarm
• Alarm silence switch
• 2 sets of dry relay contacts
• Tri-colored LED that reports on protection
• Green 75 or greater
• Orange 75 - 40
• Red 40 or less
• Extinguished Loss of protection

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M2 Monitoring Option

• All M1 monitoring options
• Surge counter

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M3 Option
M4E Option

• New Mastermind
• Includes all M1 monitoring features
• Time/Date stamp
• Duration and Magnitude
• User settable thresholds
• Tracks
• Sags, swells surges, dropouts,
• outages, THD, frequency, Volts
• RMS, protection
• Local character display
• ModBus and Ethernet remote communications
• Web based interface

• New Mastermind
• Includes all M1 monitoring features
• Time/Date stamp
• Duration and Magnitude
• User settable thresholds
• Tracks
• Sags, swells surges, dropouts,
• outages, THD, frequency, Volts
• RMS, protection
• Local character display
• ModBus remote communications

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M5 Option
M6E Option

• Adds Large Graphics Display
• Includes all M1 monitoring features
• Time/Date stamp
• Duration and Magnitude
• User settable thresholds
• Tracks
• Sags, swells surges, dropouts,
• outages, THD, frequency, Volts
• RMS, protection
• Local character display
• ModBus and Ethernet remote communications
• Web based interface

• Adds Large Graphics Display
• Includes all M1 monitoring features
• Time/Date stamp
• Duration and Magnitude
• User settable thresholds
• Tracks
• Sags, swells surges, dropouts,
• outages, THD, frequency, Volts
• RMS, protection
• Local character display
• ModBus remote communications

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Review

• Specs need to be Updated to include new
  requirements outlined in UL1449 3rd Edition
• Externally mounted SPDs offer a safer installed
  alternative without affecting performance
• External OCPDs can have an affect on the
  installed performance of the SPD
• Ask for documentation. Single surge, repetitive
  surge, and tested MCOV value
• Questions?