Overview of Immunology [1]

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Overview of Immunology 1
Components of IS
Functions of IS
Pathology of IR
Organs and tissues 2 Cells 3 Molecules
- Antibodies 4 - Complement 5
- Cytokines 6 - MHC molecules 7

• Antigen (Ag) 8
• Immune Responses 9
• Control mechanisms10

• Hypersensitivity 12
• Autoimmune disease 13
• Immunodeficiency 14
• Tumor immunology 15
• Transplantation 16

IS Immune system IR Immune response
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MHC in immune response
Target cells
MHC
Th1
CKs
Tc
MHC CK
NK
APCs
Ag
MHC CK
Th2
CKs
B
Ab
PMN
Complement
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MHC molecules in development of T cells
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MHC molecules in presentation
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NK
NK
KAR
KIR
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Regulation of MHC expression
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

• Name
• MHC molecules
• Biological functions
• MHC genes

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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Name Major Histocompatibility
Complex
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Chromosome17
Gene a
Gene b
Gene a
Gene a
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Name Major Histocompatibility
Complex
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Mouse MHC (H-2)
Chromosome17
Human MHC (HLA)
Chromosome 6
Class I
Class II
Class III
MHC genes complex
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Name MHC

• From the study of transplantation
• MHC in different species
• Human HLA (human leukocyte antigen)
• Mouse H-2

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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

• Name
• MHC molecules
• Biological functions
• MHC genes

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MHC molecules

• Structure
• Distribution

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Class II
Class I
peptide binding area
cell membrane
Cytoplasmic
Cytoplasmic tails
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Biological functions of MHC

• T differentiation
• Antigen presentation

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T differentiation
Deletion
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T differentiation
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MHC in immune response
Target cells
MHC
Th1
CKs
Tc
MHC CK
NK
APCs
Ag
MHC CK
Th2
CKs
B
Ab
PMN
Complement
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Ag presentation
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Virus
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MHC Class I pathway
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MHC class II pathway
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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

• Name
• MHC molecules
• Biological functions
• MHC genes

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Explain

• It is very difficult to find same MHC among
  
• the un-related population within each species.
• Different individuals have different ability of
• immune response to a particular antigen.

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MHC genes
Polymorphism of MHC genes The number of
gene loci for MHC class I and class II molecules
varies between species and between different
Haplotypes within each species.
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MHCa
MHCa
MHCb
MHCx
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Mouse MHC (H-2)
Chromosome17
Human MHC (HLA)
Chromosome 6
Class I
Class II
Class III
MHC genes complex
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Features of MHC genes

1. Multiple alleles
2. Co-dominant
3. Haplotype heredity

Polymorphism of MHC genes
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1-128
1-128
1-81
1-81
1-440
1-440
1-559
1-303
1-559
1-150
1-303
1-150
Multiple alleles
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Figure 5-13
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Co-dominant expression
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Co-dominant expression
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Explain

• It is very difficult to find same MHC among
  
• the un-related population within each species.
• Different individuals have different ability of
• immune response to a particular antigen.

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MHC in transplantation
Recognition Activation Effects Rejection
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MHC in transplantation

• Histocompatibility antigens are the targets for
  rejections.
• MHC molecules are expressed on transplanted
  tissues and induce the immune response of
  recipient.

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MHC in immune response
Target cells
MHC
Th1
CKs
Tc
MHC CK
NK
APCs
Ag
MHC CK
Th2
CKs
B
Ab
PMN
Complement
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