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Splash Screen
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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 The New
Immigrants Section 2 Moving to the City Section
3 A Changing Culture Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro
The New Immigrants Essential Question What were
some characteristics of the new wave of
immigrants that arrived after 1865?
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Chapter Intro
Moving to the City Essential Question How did
cities change during the late 1800s?
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Chapter Intro
A Changing Culture Essential Question In what
ways did American culture change in the late
1800s?
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-Essential Question
What were some characteristics of the new wave of
immigrants that arrived after 1865?
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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• emigrate
• ethnic group
• steerage

• sweatshop
• assimilate

Academic Vocabulary

• attitude

• affect

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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Emma Lazarus
• Chinese Exclusion Act
• Immigration Act of 1917

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Section 1-Polling Question
Which word best describes the life of an
immigrant in the United States?
A. Challenging B. Exciting C. Easy D. Hopeful

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
A Flood of Immigrants
New immigrants began to arrive in the late 1800s,
seeking opportunities in the United States.
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Section 1
A Flood of Immigrants (cont.)

• New immigrants arrived from Greece, Russia,
  Hungary, Italy, Turkey, and Poland in the mid
  1880s.
• After 1900, immigration from Mexico, China, and
  Japan increased.

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Section 1
A Flood of Immigrants (cont.)

• People emigrated from their native countries for
  a variety of reasons, including

• Overcrowding
• Poverty
• Scarce jobs
• Crop failures
• Persecution against certain ethnic groups
• The opportunity for a better life

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Section 1
A Flood of Immigrants (cont.)

• After a difficult ocean voyage in steerage, most
  immigrants landed in New York City and were
  greeted by the words of poet Emma Lazarus on the
  Statue of Liberty.

Statue of Liberty
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Section 1
Why are immigrants coming to the United States
today? A. Personal persecution B. Seeking
opportunity C. Political unfairness D. All of the
above

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
The Immigrant Experience
Immigrants adjusted to life in America, finding
work, forming communities, and adapting to a new
culture.
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Section 1
The Immigrant Experience (cont.)

• An immigrants greatest challenge was finding
  work, and many worked in steel mills and
  sweatshops.
• Immigrants wanted to assimilate into American
  culture while preserving their own culture.
• People of the same ethnic group tended to form
  separate communities with their own houses of
  worship, published newspapers, stores, and clubs.

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Section 1
Who in the family was typically the first to
learn English? A. Immigrant parents
B. Immigrant grandparents C. Children of
immigrants

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
The Nativist Movement
Some people opposed immigration, while others
appreciated the positive contributions made by
immigrants.
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Section 1
The Nativist Movement (cont.)

• Attitudes of native-born Americans often made
  assimilation more difficult for immigrants. These
  Americans

• Feared immigrants would take away their jobs or
  drive down wages
• Felt immigrants did not fit into American society
• Blamed immigrants for increased crime and
  unemployment

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Section 1
The Nativist Movement (cont.)

• The nativist movement called for restrictions on
  immigration. Legislation affected immigrants from
  all nations

• In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion
  Act, which prohibited Chinese workers from
  entering the United States for 10 years.
• The Immigration Act of 1917 included literacy
  requirements for immigrants.

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Section 1
How did nativists feel about immigration?
A. They tried to help immigrants
assimilate. B. They felt that immigrants
enriched the United States with their
culture. C. They blamed immigrants for
increasing crime and unemployment. D. They
taught immigrants to read and write English.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Essential Question
How did cities change during the late 1800s?
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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• tenement
• slum
• suburb

• settlement house
• Hull House
• skyscraper

Academic Vocabulary

• major

• minor

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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Gilded Age
• Jane Addams
• Louis Sullivan
• Frederick Law Olmsted

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Section 2-Polling Question
Would you rather live in the city or in a rural
area? A. The city B. A rural area

1. A
2. B

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Section 2
Growth of Cities
Immigrants and others flooded to American cities,
where extremes of poverty and wealth existed.
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Section 2
Growth of Cities (cont.)

• New York, Chicago, and Detroit were major urban
  centers with 80 of the population made up of
  immigrants and their children.
• Many African Americans and women from rural areas
  also moved to the cities for new opportunities.
• Cities flourished because of nearby resources
  such as iron, steel, and coal.

Urban and Rural Population Growth
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Section 2
Growth of Cities (cont.)

• The poorest residents lived in tenements in the
  slums, while middle-class families enjoyed a
  comfortable life in the suburbs.
• The very rich built mansions in the cities and
  huge estates in the country.
• This time of extravagant wealth and terrible
  poverty is known as the Gilded Age.

Urban and Rural Population Growth
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Section 2
What percentage of the American population were
urban dwellers in 1910? A. 15
B. 25 C. 50 D. 75

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Cities in Crisis
Growing cities suffered from health and
sanitation problems, poverty, fire, and crime.
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Section 2
Cities in Crisis (cont.)

• Rapid growth of cities produced serious problems,
  including

• Health problems due to sanitation issues
• Fires
• Minor crimes committed by homeless children in
  order to survive

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Section 2
Cities in Crisis (cont.)

• Many dedicated people worked to improve the lives
  of the poor.

• Religious groups ran orphanages, hospitals,
  prisons, and recreation centers.
• Jane Addams founded a settlement house called
  Hull House in Chicago in 1889.

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Section 2
Which of the following was not a problem to the
growth of cities in the late 1800s? A. Tenement
housing B. Disease C. Crime D. Surplus of jobs

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
The Changing City
New technology in transportation and architecture
reshaped cities.
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Section 2
The Changing City (cont.)

• New developments in architecture and
  transportation emerged.

• Iron supports and elevators led Louis Sullivan
  and others to develop the first skyscrapers.
• Frederick Law Olmsted designed New Yorks Central
  Park as well as several parks in Boston.

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Section 2
The Changing City (cont.)

• New forms of public transportationsuch as cable
  cars, trolley cars, subwaysand new bridge
  construction helped people travel within the
  cities.

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Section 2
The first skyscraper constructed in the United
States was how tall? A. 5 stories B. 10
stories C. 25 stories D. 55 stories

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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Section 3-Essential Question
In what ways did American culture change during
the late 1800s?
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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• land-grant college
• realism
• regionalism
• yellow journalism

• spectator sport
• vaudeville
• jazz
• ragtime

Academic Vocabulary

• philosophy

• isolate

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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• George Washington Carver
• Mark Twain
• Joseph Pulitzer
• William Randolph Hearst

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Section 3-Polling Question
What does getting an education most mean to
you? A. Opportunity B. Freedom C. Knowledge D. Ho
pe

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Expanding Education
Educational opportunities were extended to many
more Americans, as the system of public schools
and colleges expanded.
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Section 3
Expanding Education (cont.)

• Government and business leaders believed that for
  the nation to progress, the people needed more
  schooling.
• Progressive educationwhere students were taught
  good citizenship as well as the factsbecame the
  new philosophy around 1900.

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Section 3
Expanding Education (cont.)

• Federal land that could be sold to raise money
  for land-grant colleges was given to states.
• George Washington Carvers research at the
  Tuskegee Institute transformed agriculture in the
  South.
• Reservation and boarding schools trained Native
  Americans for jobs, but also isolated the Native
  Americans from their tribal traditions.

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Section 3
Who believed that schools should relate learning
to interests, problems, and concerns of students
instead of strictly memorizing facts?
A. Thurgood Marshall B. Booker T.
Washington C. John Dewey

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 3
A Nation of Readers
Educated Americans found new reading material in
public libraries, a growing literary culture, and
thriving newspapers.
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Section 3
A Nation of Readers (cont.)

• More Americans became interested in reading as
  opportunities for education grew.
• Writers of the era sought to describe the lives
  of people in an approach called realism.
• Regionalismwriting that focused on a particular
  region of the countrywas made popular by authors
  such as Mark Twain.

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Section 3
A Nation of Readers (cont.)

• Paul Dunbar was one of the first African American
  writers to gain fame around the world.
• Advances in printing technology allowed daily
  newspapers, such as Joseph Pulitzers New York
  World, to be published.
• William Randolph Hearsts newspapers became
  successful with a sensational writing style known
  as yellow journalism.

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Section 3
Which headline would be an example of yellow
journalism? A. PRESIDENT VISITS FAR EAST
B. MURDERER ON THE LOOSE? C. MAYOR SIGNS
HOUSING BILL D. WALL STREET MAKES SLIGHT GAINS

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Leisure and the Arts
American culture moved away from European
influence and became distinctively American.
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Section 3
Leisure and the Arts (cont.)

• Americans filled their increasing amounts of
  leisure time with sports, art, and music.

• Baseball became the most popular spectator sport,
  followed by football and basketball.
• Wealthy Americans played tennis and golf at
  private clubs.

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Section 3
Leisure and the Arts (cont.)

• Americans attended theaters to see serious dramas
  as well as vaudeville showsvariety shows with
  singing, dancing, magic, and comedy.

• Artists and musicians began to develop a
  distinctively American style.

• American artistsincluding Thomas Eakins,
  Frederic Remington, Winslow Homer, and James
  Whistlerpursued realist themes in their works.

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Section 3
Leisure and the Arts (cont.)

• John Philip Sousa composed many rousing marches,
  and African American musicianssuch as Scott
  Joplindeveloped jazz and ragtime music.

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Section 3
What style of painting tried to make an immediate
impression on the senses? A. Realism
B. Impressionism C. Ragtime D. Vaudeville

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Vocab1
emigrate to leave ones place of residence or
country to live somewhere else
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Vocab2
ethnic group a minority that speaks a different
language or follows different customs than the
majority of people in a country people who share
a common language and traditions
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Vocab3
steerage cramped quarters on a ships lower decks
for passengers paying the lowest fares
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Vocab4
sweatshop a shop or factory where workers work
long hours at low wages under unhealthy
conditions
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Vocab5
assimilate to absorb a group into the culture
of a larger population
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Vocab6
attitude way of thinking and acting
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Vocab7
affect to influence have an impact on
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Vocab8
tenement a building in which several families
rent rooms or apartments, often with little
sanitation or safety
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Vocab9
slum poor, crowded, and run-down urban
neighborhood
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Vocab10
suburbs residential areas that sprang up close to
or surrounding cities as a result of improvements
in transportation
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Vocab11
settlement house institution located in a poor
neighborhood that provided numerous community
services such as medical care, child care,
libraries, and classes in English
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Vocab12
Hull House settlement house founded by Jane
Addams in Chicago in 1889
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Vocab13
skyscraper a very tall building
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Vocab14
major greater in size, extent, or importance
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Vocab15
minor lesser in size, extent, or importance
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Vocab16
land-grant college originally, an agricultural
college established as a result of the 1862
Morrill Act that gave states large amounts of
federal land that could be sold to raise money
for education
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Vocab17
realism an approach to literature and the arts
that shows things as they really are
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Vocab18
regionalism art or literature focused on a
particular region of the country
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Vocab19
yellow journalism writing which exaggerates
sensational, dramatic, and gruesome events to
attract readers, named for stories that were
popular during the late 1800s a type of
sensational, biased, and often false reporting
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Vocab20
spectator sport sporting event that draws a crowd
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Vocab21
vaudeville stage entertainment made up of various
acts, such as dancing, singing, comedy, and magic
shows
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Vocab22
jazz American music developed from ragtime
and blues with African rhythms
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Vocab23
ragtime a type of music with a strong rhythm and
a lively melody with accented notes, which was
popular in early 1900s
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Vocab24
philosophy a set of ideas and beliefs
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Vocab25
isolate cut off or separate
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