DIAMOND CHIP

1
DIAMOND CHIP
-PREPARED BY ANAL DESAI
2
introduction

• Electronics without silicon is unbelievable.
• Today, we are using silicon for the manufacturing
  of Electronic Chip's.
• But, it has many disadvantages , when it is used
  in power electronic applications, such as bulk in
  size, slow operating speed etc.
• Silicon chip, which has supplied several decades
  worth of remarkable increases in computing power
  and speed, looks unlikely to be capable of
  sustaining this pace for more than another decade
  .

3
Contd

• Carbon, Silicon and Germanium belong to the same
  group in the periodic table.
• They have four valance electrons in their outer
  shell.
• Pure Silicon and Germanium are semiconductors in
  normal temperature.
• So in earlier days they were used widely for the
  manufacturing of electronic components.

4
Contd

• But later it was found that Germanium has many
  disadvantages compared to silicon, such as large
  reverse current, less stability towards
  temperature etc.
• So the industry focused in developing electronic
  components using silicon wafers.
• Now research people found that Carbon has more
  advantages than Silicon.
• By using carbon as the manufacturing material, we
  can achieve smaller, faster and stronger chips.

5
What is diamond chip?

• In single definition, Diamond Chip or carbon
  Chip is an Electronic Chip manufactured on a
  Diamond structural Carbon wafer.
• OR
• It can also be defined as the Electronic
  Chip manufactured using carbon as the wafer. 

6
HOW IS IT POSSIBLE?

• Firstly, diamond structural carbon is
  non-conducting in nature.
• To make it conducting - doping process is
  performed.
• Boron--as the p-type doping Agent
• Nitrogen--as the n-type doping agent.
• This process is similar to Silicon chip
  manufacturing.
• But this process will take more time compared
  with that of silicon because it is very difficult
  to diffuse through strongly bonded diamond
  structure. 

7
INVENTION

• A diamond semiconductor operates on 81 GHz
  frequency, and is more than twice the speed of
  earlier devices.
• Developed by the Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
  Corporation (NTT), Japan.
• According to NTT, this latest development will
  allow amplification in the millimeter-wave band
  from 30 to 300 GHz possible for the first time.

8
ADVANTAGES..OF DIAMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• Smaller Components Are Possible
• It Works At Higher Temperature
• Faster Than Silicon Chip
• Larger Power Handling Capacity

9
ADVANTAGES..OF DIAMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• Smaller Components Are Possible
• As the size is smaller -- it is possible to cut
  very smaller lines through diamond structural
  carbon.
• We can imagine a transistor whose size is
  one-hundredth of silicon transistor.

10
ADVANTAGES..OF DIAMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• It Works At Higher Temperature
• At very high temperature, crystal structure of
  the silicon will collapse.
• But diamond chip can function well in these
  elevated temperatures.
• Diamond has an extremely high thermal
  conductivity, can withstand high electric fields,
  and can be made into a semiconductor -- ideal for
  power devices.

11
ADVANTAGES..OF DIAMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• It Works At Higher Temperature (contd..)
  
• They can work at a temperature of up to 1000
  degrees Celsius, while silicon chips stop working
  above 150 degrees Celsius
• Diamond can also resist voltages up to around 200
  volts, compared to around 20 volts for a silicon
  chip.
• Due to this power electronics, such as an
  inverter, can become made much smaller in size.

12
ADVANTAGES ..OF DIAMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• Faster Than Silicon Chip
• Mobility of the electrons inside the doped
  diamond structural carbon is higher than that of
  in the silicon structure.
• As the size of the silicon is higher than that of
  carbon, the chance of collision
  of electrons, with larger silicon atoms increases
  as compared to carbon chip.

13
ADVANTAGES ..OF DIAMOND CHIP OVER SILICON CHIP

• Larger Power Handling Capacity
• Diamond has a strongly bonded crystal structure.
  So carbon chip can work under high power
  environment.
• It is assumed that a carbon transistor will
  deliver one watt of power at rate of 100 GHZ.
• The inter phase between low power control circuit
  with a high power circuit will not be needed as
  we can directly connect high power circuits with
  a diamond chip.

14
LIMITATIONS

• Much more expensive than silicon
• A four-millimeter-square diamond substrate costs
  several tens of thousands of yen compared to
  virtually nothing for silicon.
• Electricity cannot travel smoothly through
  diamond
• Researches are seeking impurities that can be
  added to aid electricity flow.

15
Conclusion

• The chip would be most useful in devices located
  near hot-burning engines.
• Thus Diamond Chip replaces the need of silicon
  chip in every aspect in future generations

16
Thank you..!!!