America Becomes a World Power

1

• America Becomes a World Power
• (1890 1915)

2
Growth Of Imperialism

• Under Imperialism, stronger nations try to create
  empires by __________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______.
• The late 1800s marked the peak of European
  imperialism, with most of Africa and Asia under
  foreign control.

3
Several factors explain the reason for the growth
of imperialism

• Economic Factors
• The growth of industry increased the need for
  _____________________________________________.
• Nationalistic Factors
• Competition among European nations for large
  empires was the result of a rise in nationalism.
• Nationalism a devotion to ones own nation.

4

• Military Factors
• Europe had better armies than Africa and Asia,
  and it needed bases around the world to
  __________________________________________________
  __.
• Humanitarian Factors
• Europeans believed that they had a duty to
  spread the blessings of western civilizations to
  other countries.

5

• By 1890, the United States was eager to join the
  competition for new territory.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________.
• To annex is to join a new territory to an
  existing country.
• Yet, annexation did take place.

6
Expanding U.S. Interests

• The Monroe Doctrine
• Originally meant that the United States declared
  itself neutral in European wars and warned other
  nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.
• Later, the doctrine was interpreted to mean a
  more __________________ to _______________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________.

7

• Sewards Folly
• In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought
  Alaska from __________________________.

8

• Midway Islands
• Seward bought the
• uninhabited Midway
• Islands for use as repairing
• and refueling stations for
• navy vessels in the Pacific.
• Latin America and Hawaii
• The United States signed a treaty with Hawaii and
  took a more active role in _______________________
  __________________________________________________
  ___________________________________________.

9
Arguments for U.S. Expansion

• Promoting Economic Growth
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______.
• The United Fruit Company invested and gained
  political influence in some Central American
  nations.
• These nations were called banana republics.

10

• Protecting American Security
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _______________________.
• By 1900, the United States had one of the most
  powerful navies in the world.
• Preserving American Spirit
• Some leaders of the day believed that introducing
  Christianity and modern civilization to less
  developed nations around the world was a
  __________________________________________________
  _____________________________.

11
The Spanish American War
The origins of the Spanish American War were a
combination of America's genuine concern for
Spanish intervention in our hemisphere, and the
growing political belief that in order to become
a great power, we needed to expand our influence
here, and in the Pacific.
12
Two Theaters

• The Spanish, American War was the first time the
  United States ____________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________, the Philippines in the
  Pacific, and Cuba to our south.
• The Philippine campaign would be the first battle
  fought, and waged solely at sea.

13
Setting the Stage For War

• By demanding that a dispute between Venezuela and
  Great Britain be sent to arbitration, the United
  States defended the validity of the Monroe
  Doctrine.
• Arbitration the settlement of a dispute by a
  person or panel chosen to listen to both sides
  and come to a decision.

14

• The British government backed down because it
  needed to stay on friendly terms with the United
  States.
• The United States became involved in the Cuban
  rebellion against Spain, _________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______________________________________.

15

• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ___________.
• This yellow journalism sold a lot of papers but
  had other effects as well
• It whipped up American public opinion in favor of
  the Cuban rebels.
• It led to a burst of national pride and the
  desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which
  became known as jingoism.

16
Steps to War

• The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor.
• The Spanish Ambassador de Lôme insulted President
  McKinley.
• __________________________________________________
  ___________________________________________.
• Congress recognized Cuban independence and
  authorized force against Spain.

17
A Splendid Little War

• May 1, 1898 The United States launched a
  surprise attack in Manila Bay and destroyed
  Spains entire Pacific fleet in seven hours.
• July 1 Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders
  up San Juan Hill.
• July 3 The United States Navy sank the remaining
  Spanish ships.

18
The Rough Riders

• In 1897, Theodore Roosevelt was already a well
  known national figure.
• ______________________________.
• Vigorous patriot.
• Champion of American values.
• And most importantly, chief spokesman for an
  __________________________________________________
  __________.

19

• Roosevelt was appointed Assistant Secretary of
  the Navy by President McKinley.
• Oversaw the expansion and modernization of the
  _______________________.
• This led to the success in Manila Bay.
• It was also Teddy who would be instrumental in
  organizing and leading the force that would beat
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  .

20
The Fateful Gamble

• In the summer of 1898, Teddy agonized over his
  role in the upcoming war.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _______________.
• At the age of 40, he took a fateful gamble.
• He resigned from the Navy Dept. to organize and
  lead a regiment of volunteers for the
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________.

21

• Formally named the 1st United States Volunteer
  Calvary, they quickly became known as Teddys
  ______________________________________________.
• As soon as word spread that the colorful
  Roosevelt was looking for volunteers, the war
  office was swamped with requests to serve.
• 23,000 applied to ride with Teddy, about 2,000
  were accepted.

22
Never Before or Since

• The unit that Roosevelt assembled was unlike
  anything the Army had seen before, or since!
• They came from far and wide
• Princeton football players
• _________________________________________________
  _______
• Aristocratic English dandies
• _________________________________________________
  _______
• Polo players
• outlaws of the Wild West

23

• Picked from every state and social background,
  the ideal Rough Rider was
• equal parts cowboy and soldier
• Men who could out ride and out fight the Spanish
  every day of the week.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________.

24

• Roosevelt assembled his men in San Antonio,
  Texas, where he whipped them into
  __________________________________________________
  ________.
• Day after miserable day, they marched, rode shot,
  and paraded under the scorching Texas sun.
• Inspired by the infectiously energetic Roosevelt,
  the Rough Riders gave it their all

25

• It was very difficult, but within a few short
  weeks together, this desperate gang became the
  fierce, fearless unit that Teddy needed in order
  to _________________ _____________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______________.
• By mid-June, they were ready.
• Teddy and his beloved Rough Riders boarded the
  train for Tampa, Florida the Cuban invasion!

26
San Juan Hill

• Once in Cuba, Spanish resistance was fierce, and
  a number of Rough Riders were killed and wounded.
• Roosevelt himself came under fire a number of
  times, and earned the nickname Old Icebox for
  his ______________________________________________
  ______.
• On the morning of July 1, 1898, the Rough Riders
  were within sight of the hills that defended
  Santiago, Cuba.

27

• Assigned the task of capturing the heavily armed
  high ground, Teddy assembled his troops for what
  he would later call, the great day of my life.
• After a brief bombardment, they began their
  assault.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______________.

28

• At times, the advance hesitated, but Teddy led
  them on, Forward March!, he yelled above the
  crash of battle, and the Rough Riders pushed
  forward.

29

• At last, they gained the top of the hill,
  ______________ ___________________________________
  _________________________.
• Together with the many other troops of the
  American force, the Rough Riders forced the
  surrender of the _________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _______.

30

• Victory came at a heavy price.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ___.
• However, Roosevelt and his fearless fellows had
  proven their courage under fire!

31
"Fighting Joe" Wheeler
_______________________________________, he was
commander of the cavalry division when the Rough
Riders landed in Cuba.
32

• Captain Buckey O'Neil - A legendary frontier
  sheriff from the Arizona Territory who had the
  responsibility of ________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _______________________.
• Henry Nash - ___________________________ turned
  Rough Rider whose courage at the Battle of Kettle
  Hill made him a hero.

33
The Treaty of Paris

• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _____________________________________.
• Spain gave up the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto
  Rico in return for _______________________________
  ______________.
• The island nations then became unincorporated
  territories of the United States.

34
New Challenges After the War

• The Philippines
• President McKinleys arguments for annexation
• _________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ____________________________________________.

35

• The Filipinos fought a three-year war for
  independence.
• The Philippines did not gain complete
  independence until _______________________________
  ______________________________________________.

36

• Cuba
• President McKinley installed a military
  government to protect American business
  interests.
• Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900 that did not
  allow for U.S. involvement.
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _________.

37

• The _________________________________________
  remained in place until 1934.
• It allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and
  intervention whenever necessary.

38
Other Gains In the Pacific

• The United States government intervened in other
  parts of the Pacific at the same time that events
  played out in the Spanish-American War.
• This intervention eventually brought about
  changes in the _________________ of the United
  States with Hawaii, Samoa, and China.

39

• Hawaii became increasingly important to United
  States business interests.
• Hawaii also leased ________________ to the United
  States as a __________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ___________________________________________.
• In 1898, Congress approved the annexation of
  Hawaii.

40

• The Polynesian Islands of Samoa and their harbor
  at Pago Pago were also important to the Unites
  States.
• A year after the annexation of Hawaii, the United
  States acquired the harbor at Pago Pago as well.
• Chinas huge population and its
  _________________________________ became very
  important to American trade.

41

• President McKinleys Secretary of State, John
  Hay, wrote notes to the major European powers
  trying to persuade them to keep an open door to
  China.
• He wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy
  that the United States ___________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _________.

42
A New Foreign Policy

• The Panama Canal
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________.
• A French company had bought a 25-year concession
  from Columbia to build a canal across Panama.
• Concession a grant for a piece of land in
  exchange for a promise to use the land for a
  specific purpose.
• Defeated by yellow fever and mismanagement, the
  company abandoned the project and offered its
  remaining rights to the United States for 100
  million.

43
Roosevelts Diplomacy

• Elected in ______________________
• Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will
  go far.

44

• Roosevelt used this old African proverb to guide
  his foreign policy.
• The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
  the United States will act as an international
  police power ____________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _____________.

45

• Roosevelt in Latin America
• Under Roosevelt, the United States often
  intervened in Latin America.
• Roosevelt in Asia
• Roosevelt wanted to preserve an open door to
  trade with China.
• He won a Nobel peace prize for ___________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _________________________.

46
Foreign Policy After Roosevelt

• William Howard
• Taft
• Elected President
• in _________________.

47

• Taft believed in maintaining influence through
  __________________________________________________
  ___, not _________________________________________
  _________________.
• This policy was called dollar diplomacy.
• The United States reached new heights of
  international power under Roosevelt and Taft.
• However, the policies of both Presidents also
  created enemies in Latin America and a growing
  international resentment of U.S. intervention.

48

• Woodrow Wilson
• Elected in ___________
• Under Wilson, the United States applied more
  __________________ and legalistic standards to
  foreign policy decisions.

49
Debating Imperialism

• Anti-Imperialism
• A moral and political argument Expansionism was
  a rejection of our nations founding principle of
  liberty for all.
• A racial argument Imperialism was just another
  form of __________________________________________
  _.

50

• An economic argument Expansion involved
  _____________________________________.
• Maintaining the armed forces required taxation,
  debt, and possibly even compulsory, or required
  military service.
• In addition, laborers from other countries would
  compete for jobs with U.S. workers.

51

• Pro-Imperialists
• Imperialism offered a ___________________
  __________________________________________________
  _________________________________________.
• A new international frontier would keep Americans
  from losing their competitive edge.
• Access to foreign markets made the
  _____________________________________________.

52

• In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White
  Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a
  cruise around the world to demonstrate
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ________________________________________.
• American citizens clearly saw the advantages of
  having a powerful navy.

53
Imperialism Voiced From Abroad

• In the Caribbean and Central America, the United
  States often had to defend governments that were
  unpopular with local inhabitants.
• Many U.S. citizens in Latin America heard the cry
  Yankee, Go Home!
• Even before the completion of the Panama Canal,
  the Panamanians began to complain that they
  suffered from discrimination.

54

• However, many countries also _____________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________.
• The Untied States was both _______________________
  __________________________ in other countries.
• The American government still struggles to
  reconcile its great power and national interests
  with its relationships with other nations.

55
Buzzwords

• Bonehead _______________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________.
• Garage the shelter or storage facility for an
  automobile
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever a disease from
  ticks found in the Rocky Mountains it causes
  pain, fever, and spotty red skin blemishes.
• Scrimmage line imaginary line in football on
  which the ball sits at the beginning of each
  play.
• Turtleneck a high collar that folds over and
  fits snuggly around the neck.

56
Interesting Facts

• Beatrix Potter wrote The Tale of Peter Rabbit in
  1900 at the age of 27
• The first World Series was played in 1903 between
  Boston and Pittsburgh.
• Boston took the series 5 games to 3.
• The World Series has been played every since
  except 1904 and 1994
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ________

57
Famous Firsts!

• American Bowling tournament held in Chicago
• Coast to coast crossing of America by car (65
  days)
• __________________________________________________
  
• American Olympics at St. Louis
• Woman arrested for smoking in public
• Mothers Day (May 10, 1908 - - declared a Natl
  Holiday in 1915)

58
Famous Firsts!

• __________________________________________________
  _______
• black world heavyweight boxing champion, Jack
  Johnson
• permanent hair waves
• air-conditioned factory
• car to be driven faster than 1 mile per hour
• Tournament of Roses in Pasadena
• ice-cream cones
• Bible placed in hotel rooms
• movie made in Los Angeles
• electric washing machine

59
Facts About the Three Presidents of this Time

• William McKinley
• 25th President
• Years in office 1897 1901
• Party ___________________
• Born 1843 ? Died 1901
• Home State Ohio
• First Lady Ida Saxton
• Education Briefly attended Allegheny College

60
Facts About the Three Presidents of this Time

• Theodore Roosevelt
• __________________________________
• Years in office 1901 1909
• Party Republican
• Born 1858 ? Died 1919
• Home State New York
• First Lady A. Lee E. Carow
• Education Graduated from
• Harvard College in 1880

61
Facts About the Three Presidents of this Time

• William Howard Taft
• 27th President
• __________________________________________________
  _____________________________________
• Party Republican
• Born 1857 ? Died 1930
• Home State Ohio
• First Lady Helen Herron
• Education Graduated from Yale University