Regents%20Earth%20Science

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Regents Earth Science

• Unit I Measurement and Change

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Chemistry / Physics / Astronomy
Biology / Environmental Science
Earth Science
Geology / Geography / Meteorology / Oceanography
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What is Earth Science?

• The study of our planet and the universe around
  us.

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Four Parts of Earth Science

1. Geologystudy of our planet

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• Meteorologystudy of our atmosphere

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• Astronomystudy of Earths motions and other
  objects in space

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1. Oceanographystudy of Earths oceans

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How do we study these four parts?

• Observations using your 5 senses (sight, taste,
  smell, touch, hearing)
• instruments can help (telescope, microscope,
  scale)

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From our observations, we can make

1. Inferences guesses about why an observation
   happens (like a hypothesis)

You observe a persons Breathyou infer
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• Classification separate things by their traits
  (grouping)

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Why do we measure objects?

• To express our observations with greater
  precision

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Basic Units of Measurement (no math!)

• Length distance between 2 points (mm, cm, m, km)
  
• we will use the Metric System

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The longer lines on the metric ruler are called

• centimeters

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The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called

• millimeters

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There are

• 10 millimeters in 1 centimeter
• 100 centimeters in 1 meter
• 1,000 millimeters in 1 meter
• 1,000 meters in 1 kilometer

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Measure the turtle from the rear of its shell to
the tip of its nose. Record its length in both
centimeters and millimeters.

• 10.5 cm
• 105 mm

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Measure the Lines in cm mm
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• Mass quantity of matter in an object this is
  not weight!!
• (g, kg)

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• Temperature the amount of kinetic energy
• (K, F, C)

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Derived Units of Measurement (math is used)

• Area Length x Width
• (mm2, m2, km2)
• Volume how much space an object takes up (Length
  x Width x Height)
• (cm3 ,mL)

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• Density how much stuff (mass) is in a certain
  volume (amount of space)
• Density Mass / Volume
• g/cm3 or g/mL

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Block Material Mass (g) Volume (cm3 ) Density (g / cm3 )
1 Steel      
2 Aluminum      
3 Black Plastic      
4 Wood      
5 Clear Acrylic      
6 Copper      
7 Bronze      
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What two factors affect density?

• Temperature
• if the temp goes updensity goes down

Heat
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• Pressure
• if pressure goes updensity goes up

Pressure
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Density Changes with a Phase Change

• Gas to liquiddensity increases
• Liquid to soliddensity increases

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• with only one exception, solids are more dense
  than liquids of the same substance
• WATER! (because ice floats)

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• Changing temperature and pressure are the ONLY
  factors that affect density!cutting or changing
  shape WILL NOT

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Mr. Longwell Math

1. Determine what the problem is asking for
2. Look in the ESRTs to find the formula
3. Find the Important information
4. Put the important information into the formula
5. Round (usually to the nearest tenth)
6. Units (we dont want naked numbers)

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Is there error in all measurements?

• YES!!!
• Percent Error (Deviation)
• Difference from Accepted Value Percent
  Error ------------------------------------------
  --- x 100
• Accepted Value

No Neg. Numbers
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What is Change?

• Alteration of the environment
• change can be
• Instant
• Over long periods of time

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What are the two types of changes?

1. Cyclic Change events will always repeat
   themselves in a type of patterncan be predicted
   (seasons, moon phases, eclipses)

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• Non-Cyclic Change events will not repeat
  themselves in a patternnot predictable
  (earthquakes, weather)
• most changes are cyclic and predictable

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• Rate of Change how fast or how slow something
  changes
• Change in Field Value
• Rate of Change ______________________
• Time

distance, temperature
Speed (mph)
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Energy Flow and Change.

• Interface boundary between regions with
  different properties

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and the most important theme all year

• Dynamic Equilibrium an attempt to BALANCE the
  changes taking place

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Scientific Notation

• Formula
• M x 10n
• M a number anywhere from 1 to 9.99999
• n the number of times the decimal has been
  moved

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Scientific Notation

• If you move the decimal to the left, n is
  positive
• If you move the decimal to the right, n is
  negative

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Important ESRT Info

• Formulas are on Front Cover
• Temperature conversion (pg. 13)