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Title: Julia%20Kristeva%20(1)

1
Julia Kristeva (1)

2
Her Life and Works

Raised in communist Bulgaria.
At the age of 25 she left for Paris with a
doctoral research fellowship in hand.
By1967 her articles were already appearing in the
most prestigious reviews, Critique and Tel Quel.
Her doctoral thesis, La Revolution du langage
poetique, in 1974.
Eastern European training with a solid background
in Marxist theory and fluent Russian enabled her
to acquire first-hand knowledge of the Russian
Formalists and, more importantly, societ theorist
Mikhail Bakhtin, whose work she was instrumental
in introducing to the Western world.
(source http//www.msu.edu/user/vasicekb/980/KBIO
.HTM )

3
Note Her Life and Works

To put it bluntly, I speak in French and about
literature because of Yelta. I mean that because
of Yelta, I was obliged to marry in order to have
a French passport and to work in France
moreover, because of Yelta, I wanted to marry
the violence that has tormented me ever since,
has dissolve identity and cells, coveted
recognition and haunted me nights . . . I have no
I any more, . . . (source Lecht 93 )
note 1945 - End of Bulgarian monarchy. Yalta
treaty makes Bulgaria a USSR satellite state.

4
Major Concepts

1. Her attempt to bring the body back into
discourses in the human sciences
2. Her focus on the significance of the maternal
and preoedipal in the constitution of
subjectivity
3. Her revision of contemporary linguistics
which focused on the communicative function of
language (e.g. generative grammar, speech acts).
? genotext, as semiotic disposition
(The genotext exists within the phenotext,
which is the perceivable signifying system.)
(Her notion of abjection as an explanation for
oppression and discrimination. source)

5
Three Periods

1960s early 1970s discusses and modifies
linguistics in order to develop a theory of the
dynamic and unrepresentable poetic dimension of
language its rhymes, rhythms, intonations,
alliteration, . . . music.
1970s the refinement of the concept of le
semiotique. K shows more debt to pyschoanalysis
1980s the notion of abjection, with examples of
some works of art (Cf John Leche 4-6)

6
Her Life and Works

7
Questions

How is Kristeva related to the theories weve
discussed so far? (e.g. de Saussure, Levi
Strauss) How is she related to Louis Marins
views of Disneyland?
How do we practice her views of semiotics (a
production of models that simultaneously offers a
critique of itself)?

8
Semiotics A Critical Science and/or a Critique
of Science (1968)

0. semiotics resisted by some other schools as
being obscure, gratuitous, schematic or
impoverishing (274). We need to formulate a
theory of its evolution and link it with Marxism.
Semiotics as the Making of Models
Semiotics and Production (Marx and Freud)
Semiotics and Literature

9
Semiotics as the Making of Models

Whats wrong with existing scientific approaches?
Sees semiology as part of linguistics
Semiotics a formalization or production of
models. (275)
How semiotics is different from the exact
sciences (p. 275)
Theory model semiotics cannot be separated
from the theory constituting it a theory of the
science constituting it.
Self-reflexive a critique of both its models and
itself, or a critique of semiotics (276), a
crique which opens onto something other than
semiotics, that is, ideology
Science (e.g. mathmatics, logic, linguistics)
develops into a system Semiotics
self-questioning reveals how science is born of
ideology (277)
Introduces new terms or alterity in terms

10
Some Terms 1) formalization the Axiomatic

The characteristics of formalization in
mathematics
1. The axiomatic method an existing set of
proven axioms (??) are the point of departure for
the development of new axioms
Existence free from contradiction so that the
law of identity holds, i.e. a a
The law of the excluded middle a b, or a ?b,
there is no third way
The decidability of every mathmatical or logical
problem. (Lecht 94)

11
Semiotics and Production(three kinds of work)

Allied semiotics to Marxs strategy a classical
semiotics of work (which presents an economy or
society signifiedas a permutation of
elementssignifier p. 277)
Marx redefined the concept of work and link it
to different semiotic systems
Work (a supernatural creative power) redefined
? a work process with some social relations of
production as its own specific logic (278)
Value redefined crystallization of social work
1) Work as value in the field of production
(exchange value and use value p. 278)
2) circulation of money as arbitrary signs Marx
critiques the circulation of money measurable
communication in and after production. (money as
signs//writing as exchange of money) ? work means
nothing

12
Some Terms 2) gramma and grammé

And Derridas Grammatology (published in 1967)
the major argument writing is a kind of
totality which is not identical with itself qua
totality, because writing contains an inside and
outside within itself.
Writing isas a fusion of grammé and gramma
fundamentally an inscription.
Grammé (the Greek for a line) the mark of
writing, trace, the other of this mark
Gramma letter

13
Semiotics and Production(three kinds of work 2)

3) dream-work (manifest contenthieroglyph
dream thought )? pre-representative production or
the unconscious
Problems of Semiotics re-defined
Either formalized from the point of view of
communication
Or opened up to the internal problematics of
communication the other scene of the
production of meaning prior to meaning
Another example 1968 demands to change the
model.

14
Semiotics and Productionconclusion

Semiotics of production will accentuate the
alterity of its object in its relation with the
representable and representative object of
exchange examined by the exact sciences (280)
Examines a plurality of productions

15
Semiotics and Literature

Literature A particular semiotic practice which
has the advantage of making more accessible than
others the problematic of the production of
meaning posed by a new semiotics.
Irreducible to the level of an object for
normative linguistics
Production not reduced to representation

16
Some Terms 3) semananalysis

This project moves the orientation of semiotics
away from the study of meaning as a static
sign-system, and towards the analysis of meaning
as a signifying process
the critical analysis of the notion of the
sign, a science constructed as a critique of
meaning, of its elements and its laws. . .
It goes beyond the sign (which is fixed, static
and objective) in order to analyse what cannot
be thought by the whole conceptual system which
is currently the foundation of intelligence . .
.paves the way for la sémiotique to give way to
le sémiotique (the presymbolic) (L. 98-99)