Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

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It is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones etc. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor
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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Introduction
It is designed to measure the distance of any
object by using an ultrasonic transducer.
Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a
convenient method compared to traditional one
using measurement scales.
This kind of measurement is particularly
applicable to inaccessible areas where
traditional means cannot be implemented such as
high temperature, pressure zones etc.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Description
It uses an ultrasonic module interfaced to a
microcontroller of 8051 family.
An ultrasonic transducer comprising of a
transmitter and receiver are used.
The transmitted waves are reflected back from the
object and received by the transducer again.
The total time taken from sending the waves to
receiving it is calculated by taking into
consideration the velocity of sound.
Then the distance is calculated by a program
running on the microcontroller and displayed on
an LCD screen interfaced to the microcontroller.
The ultrasonic sensor produces 40 kHz sound waves.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Working Of Project
The project uses a pair of ultrasonic transducers
comprising of 1 transmitter and 1 receiver.
The transmitter can deliver 40 KHz ultrasonic
sound while the maximum receiver is design to
accept only 40KHz sound waves.
When ever an obstacle obstructs the signals of
ultrasonic transmitter it reflects the signal
towards the ultra sonic receiver.
The program is so written in MC to calculate the
distance getting from ultrasonic module.
The distance measurement which is seen on LCD
displays the distance in cms.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor
Block Diagram
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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Hardware Requirements
8051 series Microcontroller
LCD
Transformer
Diodes
Bridge Rectifier
Voltage Regulator
Resistors
Capacitors
Ultrasonic Transducers.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Software Requirements
Keil compiler
Language Embedded C or Assembly

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic Transmitter And Receiver
Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers)
work on a principle similar to radar or sonar
which evaluate attributes of a target by
interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
respectively.
Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound
waves and evaluate the echo which is received
back by the sensor.
Ultrasonic generators use piezoelectric materials
such as zinc or lead zirconium tartrates or
quartz crystal.
The material thickness decides the resonant
frequency when mounted and excited by electrodes
attached on either side of it.
The medical scanners used for abdomen or heart
ultrasound are designed at 2.5 MHz. In this
circuit, a 40 kHz transducer is used for object
detection in the air medium.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

Liquid Crystal Display (Lcd)
Most common LCDs connected to the
microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and
20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which
refers to the controller chip which receives data
from an external source and communicates directly
with the LCD.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

How to Operate this Ultrasonic Distance
Measurement by Circuit
Initially burn the program to the
microcontroller.
Now give the connections as per the circuit
diagram.
While giving the connections make sure that Vcc
of ultrasonic module is connected to 5V DC.
Switch on the board supply.
Place the obstacle in front the ultrasonic
module, now you can observe the distance on LCD.
Switch off the board supply.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor