We want to remove ambiguity. Ambiguity is bad for programming languages. 63 ... Inherent Ambiguity. Some context free languages. have only ambiguous grammars. Example: ...
A context-free grammar is ambiguous. if some string has: two or more derivation trees ... is non-ambiguous: Every string has. a unique derivation tree. Costas ...
Fall 2003. Costas Buch - RPI. 8. Unit-Productions. Unit Production: ... Fall 2003. Costas Buch - RPI. 18. A production is useless. if any of its variables is useless ...
A grammar G = (V, T, S, P) is said to be context-free if all production rules in ... This grammar is linear (that is, there is at most a single variable on the right ...
with length. We will show: in the derivation of. a variable of ... with lengths and. 30. Pumping Lemma says: for all. 31. We examine all the possible locations ...
... convert any context-free grammar. Such that: Simulates leftmost ... Example of a NPDA in correct form: Fall 2004. COMP 335. 32. The Grammar Construction ...
... grammars recognize exactly the same class of languages as non-deterministic pushdown automata. ... a, X, XB. a, X, B. b, Y, YA. b, Y, A. a, A, ?. b, B, ? ...
v shot. shot. No more rules, but input is not ... shot. det n. an. elephant ... point, we are looking for a v, and shot fits the bill; the n reading never comes ...
Step 2: Remove Unit-Productions. Step 3: Remove Useless Variables. This sequence guarantees that ... Conversion to Chomsky Normal Form. Example: Not Chomsky ...
Context-Free and. Noncontext-Free Languages. Chapter 13. Languages ... The need for nondeterminism is the key. Deterministic PDAs. A PDA M is deterministic iff: ...
TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP SEARCH STRATEGIES ... BOTTOM-UP search: the parse tree must be an analysis of the input ... A hybrid of top-down and bottom-up parsing ...
A aAb | Ab | Exercise 5.1.7(f) S aS | aSb | SS | {aibjcjdie3: i, j 0} ... Leftmost: S AB bAB bbAB bbaB bbaaB... Rightmost: S AB AaB AabA ... But SAME derivation tree ...
Time complexity of exhaustive search. Suppose there are no productions of the form ... There exists a parsing algorithm. that parses a string. in time. The CYK parser ...
Is the family of CFLs closed under a certain operation? 2. Pumping Lemma. Let L be an infinite CFL. ... Pumping Lemma for Linear CFLs. Let L be an infinite linear CFL. ...
Context-Free and. Noncontext-Free Languages. Chapter 13. Languages That Are and. Are Not Context-Free ... AnBnCn = {anbncn : n 0} is not context-free. Languages ...
Introduce the new symbol to denote. the bottom of the stack. Fall 2003. Costas Busch - RPI ... if and only if. the NPDA goes from to. by reading string and. the ...
Department of Math and Computer Science. Bennett College. Goals ... G is the finite collection of stack symbols. T is a finite collection of transitions. ...
7.1 Normal Forms for CFG's. 7.2 The Pumping Lemma for CFL's. 7.3 Closure ... Omitting useless symbols obviously will not change the language generated by the ...
word(girl,n). word(slept,vi). in the S network, there is. an ... girl slept NP2 S2 Recognize N. slept NP3 S2 Pop to S-network. slept S2 --- Push to VP-network ...
Each level of languages in the Chomsky hierarchy has a computing model associated with it. ... Palindromes read the same forward and backward: Madam, I'm Adam. ...
A number consists of one digit or many digits. For a one digit number, it could ... Definition 2: The set generated by a regular grammar G = (V, T, P, S) is { T ...
Depending on what sk 1...sn is, there might be a subtree formed from production ... ( When creating a parse tree, the A in this new item will have have children , as ...
Synchronous context-free grammars as translation models. Analysis of membership problem ... of the art machine translation systems based on statistical models ...
Only searches for trees that can be answers ... Use one kind as the control and the other as a filter ... Combine the two to avoid over-generation: Top-Down ...
A AAA | bA | Ab | a. Parse Trees for the word bbaaaab. S ... X ab | b. S. bX. aXX. aa. aabX. abX. aXab. aXb. aabb. abab. aabab. abb. abab. aabb. aabab. abb. bab ...
BA AB, CA AC and CB BC ... Exercise: What language is generated by the following type 0 grammar? S ABS AB BA BA AB A a B b ... AB BA. bB bb. bA ba. aA aa ...
Title: Chapter 1 Author: mark temelko Last modified by: Joey Paquet Created Date: 5/6/2005 9:09:49 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show (4:3)
Syntax: the way words are arranged together. Main ideas of syntax: Constituency ... a high-class spot such as Mindy's attracts. the Broadway coppers love. They ...