Hemoglobin comparisons between AfricanAmerican and EuropeanAmerican males with hemoglobin values in

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Title: Hemoglobin comparisons between AfricanAmerican and EuropeanAmerican males with hemoglobin values in

1
Hemoglobin comparisons between African-American
and European-American males with hemoglobin
values in the normal range

Ginette A. Hinds
03/22/2000

2
Rationale

To compare the Hb levels of healthy EA and AA
males with Hb values in the normal range, and to
determine whether the differences were
significant enough to warrant the use of separate
standards.

3
The Study

The sample chosen for this study included
2394 EA males and
303 AA males
all 18 - 49 yrs old
(since adult males tend to have a lower
prevalence of iron deficiency- which is an
important determinant in low Hb levels).

4
Hematological Indicators Investigated

Hemoglobin concentration
Hematocrit
Transferrin Saturation.
Dietary information
a 24-hour recall
a 3-month food frequency questionnaire
dietary supplement forms.

5
Hemoglobin Concentration

A measure of the volume of hemoglobin in a whole
blood sample
Avg. for men is 14-18 g/dL
Lower limit for men is 13 g/dL (WHO) or 14g/dL
(US)

6
Hematocrit

The volume of whole blood that is occupied by
RBCs
Avg. for men is 45-49
Below Normal is lt39 (WHO) and lt42(US)

7
Transferrin Saturation

Transferrin is the transport protein for iron
Saturation is a measure of the of transferrin
that is bound to iron.
Normal is gt33

8
Table 1
9
ResultsTable 1

Shows Hb, Hct, TS, and Vit. C Fe intakes in AA
and EA males
There is a difference between mean Hb values of
0.72 g
There is differences in Hct of 0.77
There is a difference in TS 0f 0.32.
Note that EAs also had a higher iron intake
(probably due to socioeconomic factors).

10
Table 2
11
ResultsTable 2

Table 2 shows the cumulative distribution of Hb
values in both races.
There was a greater concentration of low Hb
levels for AAs.
almost 8 AA, but only O.8 EA below the WHO
cutoff of 13g/dl.
over 26 AA had Hb values below the US cutoff of
14g/dl, compared to only 8.5 EA.
94 of EAs and 91 of AAs had Hb values in the
normal range of 13 17g/dL
Thus, 3 fewer AA had normal Hbs than EA.

12
Table 3
13
ResultsTable 3

Shows the mean Hb values in AA and EA males at Hb
levels above 13 g/dL
The difference between the two means decreased as
males with higher Hbs were compared.

14
DiscussionProblems with the study

a 24-hour recall questionnaire was used.
not be a good representation of a typical
day-to-day intake, and can lead to
misclassification of individuals based on
nutrient intake.
Race classification.
Individuals were classified according to
external appearance (phenotype).

15
Possible explanations for the lower prevalence of
normal Hb levels in AA

Higher incidence of Hb lowering diseases
Lower intake of hemopoietic nutrients.
Lower ferritin saturation

16
Conclusion

Differences between AA and EA Hb values are
almost exclusively at the lower values.
It is highly likely that the following are
responsible
nutritional status
a higher prevalence of alpha and beta
thalassemias, hemoglobinopathies, and/or anemia
of chronic disease in AAs

17
Conclusion

The researchers therefore conclude that a single
Hb standard for both ethnic groups should be
maintained until further research into the
genetic facet of the argument against it is done.

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