The flux concentration to the right of the facula in. Figure 2 is an example of this effect ... disagreements such as the peak brightness of faculae, ...
Accurate: Comprehensive set of rays. Coronal physics. Equation of state ... v(k) = (k P(k))1/2. Velocity driving for corona sims. Voronoi tessellation. ensemble ...
Improved reconstruction of total solar irradiance using broad- band facular ... from Teff variations outside spots and faculae (e.g. 'magnetic stirring' ...
Low first-ionization-potential (FIP) contribute to ne and ... Not enough contrast for faculae and plage. Umbra profile has reversal unlike the observed ...
Relationship between the High and mid latitude Solar Magnetic Field Elena E. Benevolenskaya J. Todd Hoeksema Stanford University Contents Introduction Zonal Structure ...
SOLAR VARIABILITY. AND. CLIMATE. HAS THE EARTH WARMED? Climatic Research Unit, UK. HAS THE EARTH WARMED? MANKIND - EARTH. CO. 2. SUN - EARTH. Mathew (5) SUN - EARTH ...
HMI Synoptic Data Sets HMI Team Meeting Jan. 26, 2005 Stanford, CA Synoptic Data Sets - Helioseismology Synoptic maps of mass flows and sound-speed perturbations ...
... models (of convection) ... Convection and dynamo are still among the most crucial open ... Activity (convection at the base of the CZ) Activity spectrum ...
... and Gravity Oscillation Experiment (VIRGO) on the Solar and heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) ... besides natural causes, man-made activities are ...
Synoptic maps of mass flows and sound-speed perturbations ... 'Minimum' energy method (Metcalf, 1994) 'Structure minimization' method (Georgoulis et al, 2004) ...
Irradiance is the amount of solar radiation that a radiometer ... In 1881, Samuel Langley used his bolometer to gather data and calculate solar constant [1] ...
narrowing of disputed irradiances to 50% Precisions of 1-30% (mostly 10 ... Transition Region (TR): warm-hot, narrow region between chromosphere and corona, ...
Diagnosis of the physical conditions through the solar atmosphere, ... (They used JF earlier methods and PANDORA. ... Account for radio data showing Tmin 4200 K ...
Other research shows that Maunder minimum led to temperature changes of 0.2-0.8 C ... be 3 times greater have a similar impact of Maunder minimum (0.2-0.8 C cooling) ...
Since it is composed of a gaseous plasma, the rate of rotation is fastest at the ... the darker parts of the sunspots (umbra), and weaker and more horizontal in the ...
Chapter 5 The Ocean Heat Budget Physical oceanography Instructor: Dr. Cheng-Chien Liu Department of Earth Sciences National Cheng Kung University Last updated: 16 ...
t Climate Change, the Sun and Greenhouse Gases by K.K. Tung Department of Applied Mathematics As constant as the sun ? Distant Past: One billion years ago, our ...
Barnard's. Star. Data from the VLT UVES. Not significant ! ... Barnard's star. M. K rster Radial velocity measurements Heraeus-Physikschule, 17 Oct. 2005 ...
Luminosity variations (spots, ... I. Solar Activity and Climate Changes ... In 1958 Eugene Parker worked out the model for a continuously expanding corona ...
Multi-channel Infrared Solar Spectrograph, HeI 10830 , CaII 8542 , and H-alpha ... Spectrograph and Magnetic Analyzer in process. Will be mounted in 2005, and ...