... Tube Models. The vowel /a/ Helmholtz Resonator. The vowels /u,i, ... The Vowel /u/: A Four-Tube Model. Two Helmholtz Resonators = Two Low-Frequency Formants! ...
Spectrogram reading: Formants. Log-linear form of a rational filter ... Spectrogram is the log magnitude of the STFT. Wideband spectrogram: N T0, pitch shows up ...
1024-dimensional principal component 32X32 spectrogram, plot as an image: 1st principal component (not shown) measures total energy of the spectrogram ...
Train p(async) using manual transcriptions of Switchboard data ... Selection based on Switchboard error analysis, e.g. length, energy contour, accent ...