By James Mulolo - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Title:
By James Mulolo
Description:
Best practices and global standards related to e-waste issues- The . African Challenge By James Mulolo Senior Inspector Zambia Environmental Management Agency – PowerPoint PPT presentation
Number of Views:60
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Title: By James Mulolo
1
Best practices and global standards related to
e-waste issues- The .African Challenge
- By James Mulolo
- Senior Inspector
- Zambia Environmental Management Agency
- A presentation to a Sixth Symposium on ICTs,
- the Environment and Climate Change
- La Palm Royal Beach Hotel
- Accra, Ghana
- 7 - 8 July 2011
2
What is E-Waste?
3
Key Stakeholders in e-Waste
- Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs)
- Importers, Suppliers and Distributors
- Original Owners- Businesses or Households
- Collectors/Middlemen/Buyers
- Electrical technicians (refurbish, dismantle,
recycle) - National regulatory agencies
- Environment
- Customs
- Port Authority
- Telecommunications
- Government (Politicians)
4
Why the problem?
5
Response to Haz. waste challenge
- Bamako Convention
- Ban all radioactive and haz. waste imports into
Africa from non-contracting parties. - Prohibits dumping at sea
- Ban Amendment
- Prohibits export of haz. waste for any purpose
from EU, OECD and Liechtenstein to all other
parties. - Strict laws banning the import of all forms of
hazardous waste - E.g. Zambia
6
The tragedy of the commons
- The following class of problems do not have a
technical solution - Population growth
- Economic
- Environmental
- Misconception that the above problems may be
solved by - Better agricultural yields
- Better production methods
- Improved waste removal technologies
- People look for solutions elsewhere than within
themselves
7
Waste Management Hierarchy
- An internationally recognised waste management
system. - Addresses the reduction of waste generation by
prevention and minimisation through - Innovation in product design and production
- Efficiencies and conservation
- Sound management in use of resources
- Waste stream is reduced by resource recovery
- Finally waste is treated prior to disposal to
reduce the associated risks. - Shift from control of pollution to prevention.
8
Waste Management Hierarchy
Waste Hierarchy Waste Hierarchy
Cleaner Production Prevention
Cleaner Production Minimisation
Recycling Re-use
Recycling Recovery
Recycling Compositing
Treatment Physical
Treatment Chemical
Treatment Destruction
Disposal Landfill
9
Best practices for e-waste mgmt
- Governments
- Apply regulations
- Use economic instruments
- Provide support measures
- Obtain external (international) assistance
- Polluter pays principle
- EPR shall be a key aspect of new policy
development - Responsibility of HZWM to generator
- Encourages waste reduction at source
- Funds go to EPA, assistance and clean-up
10
Best practice - Regulators
- The stick
- Single biggest influence on waste reduction
- Industry specific regulations
- Progressive stringent limits
- Best practice standards
- Ban specific hazardous substances rather than
one size approach - Strict enforcement
- Health and safety regulations need to be more
strigent
11
Best practice - OEM
- Proactive participation in e-waste management
- E.g. UNEP PACE working group
- Motivation
- Economic benefits of P2
- Reduced need for more stringent legislation
- Improved image for company
- Covenants, voluntary agreements
- Encourage the lease of equipment instead of
outright purchase - Work with governments to devise and implement P2
plans
12
Best practices - Industry
- EPR accepting core responsibility for e-waste
as the primary generator of the products
resulting in problematic e-waste later - If systematic improvements were introduced at the
various stages in the product life cycle (from
generation to disposal), the quantity of e-waste
generated at each of the subsequent stages would
be considerably reduced. - Employing a multi-sectoral, integrated and
holistic approach involving all the key
stakeholders, would resolve the problem of
e-waste management. - A fair price tag on electronic goods that does
not externalize environmental costs - Accept there is a TAKE BACK responsibility from
any party that imports and/or distributes the
original product as soon as it becomes e-waste
in a country
13
Best practice African region
- There is an urgent need for refurbishment and
demonstration centers on a regional basis - Asian experience indicates this can be done
- Support new legislation and CP development
- Raise awareness and provide practical information
- Minimize perceived risks
- Following the Integrated Waste Management
Hierarchy - Recover function
- Recover working components
- Recover material for value added products
- Recover materials as a recyclable scrap value
commodity - Target specific waste streams or industry sectors
- Important in motivating SMEs
14
Trends in recovery n recycling
- Reasons for e-waste recovery and recycling in
Africa include - Scarcity and cost of virgin materials
- Obsolete poverty means workers can accept minimal
wages - Large market for goods and services
- Traditional waste recovery
- Waste scavengers
- Serious health and safety issues
- International recovery technology not suited to
African situation
15
Looking ahead
- To catalyze improved e-waste management
- Adequate legal framework is essential
prerequisite for effective e-waste management - Industry shall implement e-waste management
- Government has to provide the conducive
environment - Using both the carrot and stick w.r.t. e-waste
management policy and legislation
16
Looking ahead - Information
- Provide free advice, manuals and fact sheets
- Marketing of success stories
- Publish case studies from demonstration projects
- Cheap immediate access to technical databases
- Information clearing houses
- Technology supplier databases
17
Looking ahead
- Redesign the current model
- Clarify the definition of e-waste
- Allow for regional refurbishment centers
- Sustained funding and capacity building to fully
understand extend of problem - Involve NGOs in e-waste management
- Better organized, flexible and responsive in
their approach, - Organize and motivate community
- Enhance collaboration between the
telecommunication agencies and the environmental
bodies
18
Summary
www.mygreencampus.org
19
Thank you
- For further information do not hesitate to visit
the ZEMA website at - www.necz.org.zm
- Or
- Tel 26-021-1254130
- Fax26-021-1254164
- Email jmulolo_at_necz.org.zm
- Head Office Corner Suez/Church Roads
- Lusaka
- Zambia
