P1251955603pcYIk - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: P1251955603pcYIk


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• Degerhan Deger 10-Science
• Tarik Kardiçali 9-Grade
• Mert Kahraman 11-Science
• Osman Sahinbozkir 10-Science

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General  Information                              
                                                  
                           
Name  Republic of Türkiye Population  71.6 million Capital  Ankara Language  Turkish  Türkiye is a secular state where religious and state affairs are separated. National Anthem  Istiklal Marsi (The Independence Hymn)
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Index

• Water
• Droughts
• Erosion
• Fish In Türkiye
• Endangered Species
• Arboretums
• Plant Diversity
• Forests
• Istanbul Strait
• The Bosphorus

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TÜRKIYES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
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Water
Water has a vital importance for all living
organisms. Water is ¾ of the world, 2/3 of our
bodies
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• Türkiyes population was 28 million in the 1960s
  and had 4000 cubic meters of water per person.

Today Türkiye is 70 million and has 1400 cubic
meters of water per person.
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Manyas lake
Before
After
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After
Before
Doganci Dam                                    
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Esmekaya bird paradise
Before
After
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Alibeyköy Dam
Before
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After
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Reasons of Droughts

• Desertification
• Water Stress
• Environmental damage

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Desertification increases.
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Türkiye will be under droughts and will be
desertified in 2030 under these conditions.
In terms of water, Türkiye is the poorest country
in Europe and the richest country in the Middle
East.
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Desertification is a global problem. Caused
mostly because of GLOBAL WARMING
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To Prevent Desertification We Must

• Stop wasting trees for industry
• Increase afforestation
• Protect our trees from fire
• Protect water sources

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Tema Foundation

• The Tema Foundation was founded against the
  danger of desertification in Turkey. Its one of
  the most active foundation in Turkey

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Erosion
Erosion is losing productive land to water and
winds.
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Fish in Türkiye
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• Türkiye has seas on three sides and is a fish
  paradise.

• There are 247 kinds of fish in the Black sea, 200
  in the Marmara
• Sea, 285 in the Mediterranean. There are about
  350 kinds of fish
• in all our seas. In our fresh waters there are
  192 kinds of fish.

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Fishing in Türkiye

• Türkiye has the largest fishing fleet in
• the Mediterranean.

Illegal fishing is a problem in Türkiye.
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Fener Baligi - Angler Fish
Dil Sole
Çinekop - Young blue fish
Barbunya - Red Mullet
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Gümüs Baligi Sand Smelt
Istavrit Horse Mackerel
Gelincik Baligi - Rockling Fish
Hamsi - Anchovy
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Lüfer - Bluefish
Mercan - Red sea bream
Orfoz - Grouper
Mezgit Whiting
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Kefal - Gray mullet
Levrek - Sea bass
Kirlangiç - Red gurnard
Kalkan Turbot
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DANGER
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Endangered Species
The Family Animalia
134 Mammals 450 Birds 105 Reptiles 22 Frogs
127 Freshwater fishes 384 Sea fish 1220
Vertabrate
Caretta Caretta
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Caretta Caretta
Today the main threat to the adult turtles lies
in shrimp trawls and crab fishing nets.
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Iztuzu Beach Dalyan Türkiye

• Iztuzu Beach Dalyan Türkiye is the nesting ground
  of Caretta Carettas

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Mediterranean Seal (Monachus Monachus)
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There are only 350 Mediterranean Seals left in
the Mediterranean and only 50-60 in Türkiye.
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Arboretums
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• There are three main Arboretums in Türkiye
• Atatürk Arboretum in Ankara
• Çukurova Süleyman Demirel Arboretum in Adana
• Karaca Arboretum in Yalova

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Atatürk Arboretum
Established in 1949 by the Istanbul University
Forestry Faculty Expands on 345 hectares of
forest.
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Established in Yalova in 1980 by It is a genetic
protection area for endemic Turkish plants.
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Plant Diversity
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Endemic Species belonging exclusively or
confined to a particular place.
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Endemic Orchids
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Upside down Tulip (Fritillaria imperialis)
Kardelen (Galanthus)
Tulips (Tulipa)
Yersomunu (Cyclamen)
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Manisa Tulip (Tulipa orphanidea)
Nergiz (Narciscus)
Iris (Süsen )
Arapsümbülü (Muscari)
Kaplanbogan (Aconitum)
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Forests
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The reason why we dont have more forests

• Wars and migrations.
• Open areas for fields and use of wood.
• Forest fires

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Fertile
Infertile
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Trees in Türkiye
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Forest Fires
94 of forest fires are caused by human mistakes.
Only 6 of fires are caused by natural causes.
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The Istanbul Strait

• The Istanbul Strait is between the Black Sea and
  the Marmara Sea.

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Black Sea
Asia
Europe
Marmara Sea
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Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge
Europe
Atatürk Bridge
The Bosphorus
Asia
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Europe
Asia
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• There is no where in the world where such large
  and dangerous sea traffic goes freely as close to
  the shores, buildings and population areas as in
  Istanbul.

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Sea Traffic
In 2007, 10054 tankers carried 143 millions 452
thousand 949 tons of dangerous materials
including petroleum and liquid petroleum gas.
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Sea Accidents
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Sunken Ships in the Bosphorus

• The bottom of the Bosphorus is like a ship
  cemetery.

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The largest accident in the Bosphorus was on 15
November 1979 when Independenta hit Evriali,
another tanker and burned.
Independenta remained in the Bosphorus for years.
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Boat-shaped Bombs

• Istanbul is under the danger of extinction 17
  times a day with the passing of LPG and ammonium
  tankers.

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Nuclear Waste
transfer of nuclear and chemical waste. On March
14th, 2005 an LPG tanker sank in Istanbul.
Pilot Guide
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Advantages

• Income from the straits
• Decreasing traffic density of Istanbul
• Connecting Asia and Europe

Disadvantages

• Sea traffic
• Sea accidents
• Chemical wastes

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Thanks for listening...

• Degerhan Deger
• Tarik Kardiçali

• Mert Kahraman
• Osman Sahinbozkir

A view from Hasankeyf