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Phylogeny Systematics Hypothesis Cladistics Derived character Cladogram Dichotomous Key Order Family Genus Species Common name Scientific name Binomial
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In molecular evolution, the studied data are homologous DNA/AA sequences ... Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) (e.g., using MrBayes) Most accurate. Very slow ...
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Imagine a store ..how do you know where to find the milk or the cereal? Are they in the same aisle? How is the store organized ? Are all stores similar?
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Phylogeny, the evolutionary history of an organism, ... There are three basic assumptions in cladistics: Organisms within a group are descended from a common ancestor.
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Phylogeny (7) Science concepts. The student knows evolutionary theory is a scientific explanation for the unity and diversity of life. The student is expected to:
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Elasmobranchs - sharks (360 species in two major groups), skates and rays (450 species) ... Sharks as predators: locate prey in a geographic sense. detect prey ...
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polyphyletic origins of metazoa. Syncytial theory. metazoans arose from a ... Polyphyletic: includes species that arose from more than one immediate ancestor ...
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Based trees upon total weight of ALL shared, derived characters. Phylogenetic terms ... Most parsimonious placement = one gain of pulley-shaped astralagus ...
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Phylogeny Review District AP Biology Session Phylum Echinodermata The only invertebrate, nonchordate deuterostomes Sessile or slow moving Spiny skin Water vascular ...
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Title: Phylogeny and Systematics Author: Nancy Wheat Last modified by: NANCY WHEAT Created Date: 2/11/2006 3:37:02 AM Document presentation format
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Phylogeny and Systematics Fossil Formations Dating Phylogeny based on Continental Drift Pangaea Mass Extinctions Systematics Hierarchical Classification Phylogenetic ...
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Phylogeny & Classification Chapter 18 Linnaean Classification This system was created long before scientists understood that organisms evolved.
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a palm tree representing the plants, a spider, one of the animals, and ... is a micrograph of the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease in tobacco plants. ...
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Phylogeny of Birds Class Aves. Birds first appear, unambiguously, in the fossil record in the Jurassic (~ 150 mya). First bird is Archaeopteryx.
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Phylogeny and Systematics Cladistics Analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on shared characters Characters may be primitive or derived Clade = Group of species ...
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... Genus & species Leopard = Panthera pardus African Lion = Panthera leo Hierarchical classification system Taxon = a group at any level (plural,taxa ...
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If two sequences are homologs, they are descended from a most recent common ancestor sequence. ... Jukes-Cantor. Assumes all base frequencies are ...
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Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies
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Co-orthologs of Drosophila gene AB. Orthologs (Group 1) Outparalogs of Group 1 ... It is not always the most complex model that produces the best result. ...
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and Functional Genomics by Jonathan Pevsner Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. ... Was Darwin correct that humans are closest. to chimps and gorillas? ...
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the construction of phylogenies is based on: ... polyphyletic a grouping that leaves out the common ancestor of the species included ...
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pterosaurs. dinosaurs. upright posture. bipedal locomotion. large body size. diaspid phylogeny ... pterosaurs. dinosaurs. ornithischians. saurischians ...
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The genus Linanthus has a variety of breeding ... concepts in biology is that all life is connected through evolutionary history. The Tree of Life ...
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Sequence Alignment and Phylogeny B I O I N F O R M A T I C S | | | | | | | B I O L O G Y - M A T H - S Dr Peter Smooker, peter.smooker@rmit.edu.au
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Trees can be used to describe taxonomic groups ... Orangutan. Mouse. ACGCTAGCTACG. ACGCTAGCTACG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG. ACGCTAGCTAGG ...
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On August 4, 1994, Janice Trahan of Lafayette, LA was lying in bed alongside her ... DinoDNA from JURASSIC PARK p. 103 nt 1-1200 ...
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Chapter 25: Phylogeny & Systematics Phylogeny Evolutionary history of species or group of species **Attempting to construct the universal tree of life
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Title: Molecular Systematics & Evolution of Microorganisms Fundacion Tropical A. Tosello Campinas, Brasil September 1997 Subject: Workshop Author
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Prior probability: the probability of the event before considering some additional data ... 3. Integrates over parameters instead of optimising over parameters. MCMC ...
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LECTURE 1: Phylogeny and Systematics
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Phylogenetic (evolutionary) trees. Human. Gorilla. Chimp. Gibbon ... Chimp. Gibbon. Orangutan. or. Applications of Phylogenetic Analysis. Inferring function ...
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Phthiraptera systematics and the antiquity of lice ... Multiple clades of lice on the same host. A. Circumfasciate Head. B. Non-Circumfasciate Head ...
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Biology 2: Form and Function Overview of fungi Heterotrophs Extracellular digestion Some fungi capable of digesting lignin Non-cellulose, chitin-impregnated cell ...
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Chapter 25: Phylogeny and Systematics Fossils are preserved remnants of organisms that lived in the past Fossils form in sedimentary rock, the oldest fossils in the ...
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Defined by novel homologies. Introduced characteristics called derived characters. Shows evolution of orgs as well as the novel characters which define their grouping ...
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... we chose to compare cetacean species with particular ... Sequences were collected and edited for common length on the Biology Workbench 3.2 via ...
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The best current method (default TNT) fails to reach acceptable levels of ... significantly improves upon the unboosted TNT by returning trees which are at most 0.01 ...
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Title: Evolution/Phylogeny Author: Jaap Heringa Last modified by: heringa Created Date: 11/17/2003 8:59:53 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show
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Classification and phylogeny By:Changting Luo What is Classification Classification in biology is arranging living organisms into groups. Reasons for classification ...
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Hydras - Jellyfish - Anemones - Corals. II. Animal Diversity. B. Radiata ... Hydra and jellies alternate between polyp and medusa stages; coral and anemones ...
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Dromedary VHLSGDEKNAVHG. Cow -MLTAEEKAAVTA. Rhino VDLTAEEKAAVLA ... Dromedary 0 0 0 0 8 7 7 4 8 8 4. Cow 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 6 0 6 6. Rhino 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 3 6 4 ...
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-- Studying the phylogeny of freshwater eels
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A team at Celera Genomics sequenced by exon-specific polymerase ... The phylum contains four classes (examples), including jellyfish, sea anemone and hydra ...
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... notochord Central part of nervous system A hollow tube made up of neurons Extends entire length of amphioxus and jawless fishes Always dorsal to notochord ...
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If along any root to leaf path, the labels of the internal nodes on the path is ... species set S, there exists a rooted phylogeny T which satisfies a maximum ...
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IB Biology HL Why Classify? Identify connections between _____ and _____ organisms Identifying unknown organisms Understanding evolutionary relationships and the ...
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5S rDNA phylogeny of S. thermophilum ...
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Xenopus ATGCATGGGCCAACATGACCAGGAGTTGGTGTCGGTCCAAACAGCGTT---GGCTCTCTA ... Xenopus ATGCATGGGCCAACATGACCAGGAGTTGGTGTCggtCCAAACAGCGTT---GGCTCTCTA ...
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Animal Classification, Phylogeny, and Organization Chapter 7 Zoology Construct a Cladogram for Us! Gorilla Four limbs Fur No tail Tiger Four limbs Fur Tail Lizard ...
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inherited from their common ancestor (homology) informative traits are shared ... parsimony. Use parsimony to build a phylogeny: outgroup? homologies? ...
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The ontogeny and phylogeny of cultural cognition
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Phylogeny and Systematics Chapter 10 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Taxonomy A theory of taxonomy allows us to rank taxonomic groups.
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Classification and phylogeny. Early classification schemes. Fish ... Honeybee: Apis pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus ... How the ...
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What is the basis for phylogenies? How does phylogeny link Linnaean ... Amphibian. Bird. Human. Rat. Mouse. outgroup. Ultrametric tree. Branches show time. ...
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The analytical study to understanding the diversity and relationships ... Polyphyletic- has several species but not the ancestor (not valid- missing some info) ...
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Griffiths, R.C. (1981). Neutral two-locus multiple allele models with recombination. ... Myers, S. R. and Griffiths, R. C. (2003) ...
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