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A special null value is used to represent values that are unknown or ... Figure 5.4 The CAR relation with two candidate keys: LicenseNumber and EngineSerialNumber. ...
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The number of tuples in the result of projection list (R) is always less or ... Union of two relations R and S defines a relation that contains all the tuples ...
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there is a relational algebra exp to represent dom(y) ... dom(y) is the union of all D(R)'s over relations R referred to in y together ...
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Defines a relation consisting of the set of all tuples that are in both R and S. ... 'B) (B.city Paris') Means For all Branch tuples, the city is not Paris' ...
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(R) is a renamed relation S based on R. does not specify column names. Columns names don't change ... Combine tuples from two relations in a combinatorial fashion ...
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Relational Algebra p R & G, Chapter 4
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Relational Algebra Chapter 4, Part A
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Relational Algebra p R & G, Chapter 4 By relieving the brain of all unnecessary work, a good notation sets it free to concentrate on more advanced problems, and, in ...
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The Relational Model Relation Key Integrity ...
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The Relational Model Relations Translating ER diagrams into Relations SQL (Structured Query Language) Important Note Relational Algebra Select Operation Example ...
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Relational Databases CPSC 315 Programming Studio Slides adapted from those used by Jeffrey Ullman, via Jennifer Welch, via Yoonsuck Choe ...
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... Division Examples Points To Remember Relational Languages Relational Algebra Assignment Review chapters 1-4, appendix c Read Chapters 5-6 Do Exercise 4.12 (only ...
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Relational Algebra and Calculas Chapter 4, Part A
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Fundamental Relational-Algebra-Operations. Additional Relational-Algebra ... as the relation of k columns obtained by erasing the columns that are not listed ...
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Isolation in Relational Databases Chapter 24 What s Different About Locking in Relational Databases? In the simple databases we have been studying, accesses are ...
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Title: Relational Calculus Subject: Database Management Systems Last modified by: gfzheng Created Date: 1/12/1997 1:19:06 PM Document presentation format
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Fundamental Relational Algebra Operations. Additional Relational Algebra Operations ... (Curry, North, Rye), (Lindsay, Park, Pittsfield) } is a relation over ...
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Introduction to Relational Databases Some other limitations of RDBMS Arrays Hierarchical data Example: Taxonomy of Organisms Hierarchy of categories: Kingdom - phylum ...
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... rows from relation. Projection ( ) Deletes unwanted columns from relation. ... All of these operations take two input relations, which must be union-compatible: ...
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Using Relational Databases and SQL Lecture 1 Introduction John Hurley Department of Computer Science California State University, Los Angeles
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Relational Query Languages Languages of DBMS Data Definition Language DDL define the schema and storage stored in a Data Dictionary Data Manipulation Language DML ...
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Chapter 9: Object-Relational Databases Nested Relations Complex Types and Object Orientation Querying with Complex Types Creation of Complex Values and Objects
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relation is a subset of cartesian product of sets ... If X Y is deduced using AA from F, then X Y holds over any relation r in which fd's in F hold. ...
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Welcome to the World of Relational Aggression FEMALE BULLYING Jewel E. Hairston, Ph.D. 4-H Specialist Virginia State University (804) 524-5965
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This presentation is a summary of recent advances and focus on a review on what works in psychotherapy followed by some concepts of object relations effective in clinical work and a discussion on Bion and group psychotherapy
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Features of Good Relational Design. Atomic Domains and First Normal Form ... Hank. Sudarshan. Avi. Jim. teaches. course. book. database. database. operating systems ...
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ObjectStore, Versant, Ontos. A synthesis emerging: object-relational model. Informix Universal Server, UniSQL, O2, Oracle, DB2 ...
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Chapter 16: Using Relational Databases Programming Logic and Design, Third Edition Comprehensive Objectives After studying Chapter 16, you should be able to ...
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Note that keys apply to the relational schema not to the relational instance. ... A key is a minimal set of attributes that uniquely identifies a. tuple in a ...
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Mapping ERM to relational database Mapping the ER model to the relational model Logical Database Design Reading: e.g. Connolly/Begg DB systems: (4th ed) Ch 16 ...
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Relationships. Operations. Relation. Attributes. Occurrences or. Tuples. Relation Requirements. Attributes are single valued, and all entries have the same data type ...
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Two relations that have the same number of attributes and same type of attributes. ... Relation contrains: no duplication. Eliminating duplicates may cause problems: ...
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Database Management Systems 3ed, ... Allow manipulation and retrieval of data from a database. Relational model supports simple, powerful QLs: ...
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The resulting relation has the attributes specified in A and in the same order ... Result relation will have tuples that are in R but not in S ...
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Relation: named, 2-dimensional table of data. Every table has a unique name. ... One for an associative relation in which the primary key has two attributes, ...
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Jenny ... Jenny Coady. 10. Example SELECT. If the original relation, Customer, contained the ... Jenny Coady. 12. Example Projection. Deletes attributes not in the ...
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execute a user-specified error-correction routine. The Relational Data Model. 42 ... Retrieve the names and salaries of employees who work in department 4: ...
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... tuples (rows) from a specified relation (table) Restrict is AKA 'Select' ... Builds a relation consisting of all tuples appearing in either or both of two ...
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Structure of Relational Databases. Fundamental Relational-Algebra-Operations ... as the relation of k columns obtained by erasing the columns that are not listed ...
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The two operand relations R and S must be 'type compatible' (or UNION compatible) ... is used to combine tuples from two relations in a combinatorial fashion. ...
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Thus a relation is a set of n-tuples (a1, a2, ..., an) where each ai Di. Example: if ... Ai ?? ????? Attribute ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ...
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The view name is represented by v. ... Since we allow a view name to appear wherever a relation name is allowed, the person may write: ...
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... of rows from relation. Projection ( ) Extracts only desired columns from relation. ... Result relation can be the input for another relational algebra operation! ...
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Jim Toy John Complaint. June Complaint. R - S = A B. Jim Toy. June Complaint. Note attributes in resulting relation take name from the first relation ...
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Lecture 4: Database Modeling (end) The Relational Data Model April 8, 2002 Constraints A constraint = an assertion about the database that must be true at all times ...
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A schema specifies a finite set of relations R1,..Rn with additional structure: Each column/field in a relation gets a name (can also just use position) and a domain. ...
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1. R(s), where R is relation name, s is tuple variable ... 2. 'ith component of tuple represented by s is in relation ... From Relation Algebra to Calculus 1 ...
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Creating, modifying, destroying, altering, and querying relation instances using ... ObjectStore, Versant, Ontos. A synthesis emerging: object-relational model ...
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Schema : specifies name of relation, plus name and type of each column. ... If there's 1 key for a relation (candidate keys), one of the keys is chosen (by ...
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( see also Attachment 'A' for Codd's 12 Rules for a Relational DBMS) The relational Model of Data is based on the concept of a Relation. ...
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Devised in 1970 by Codd 1. Relational database is a collection of relations which are time-varying and of ... intension ~ record type. extension ~ all instances ...
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Primary keys are unique identifiers of the relation in question. ... Many-to-Many - Create a new relation with the primary keys of the two entities ...
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ObjectStore, Versant, Ontos. A synthesis emerging: object-relational model. Informix Universal Server, UniSQL, O2, Oracle, DB2 Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan ...
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Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping ... by Prof Steven A. Demurjian, Sr (http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~steve/courses.html) ...
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attribute list is the desired list of attributes from relation R. ... The result of R S, is a relation that includes all tuples that are either in R ...
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Student ID is candidate key for Student, since it is a superkey, ... Key (2) ... Example: Find all possible candidate keys for the following relation based on ...
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