Lab 2020

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Lab 2020
A research project to investigate emerging
science technology, ways in which research
may be conducted in the future, and to develop a
conceptual interpretation of ideas, trends and
insights through an ancient interactive,
exploratory, highly creative process Design
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What will be the emerging technologies in the
next 20 to 30 Years?

• Caltech decided to hire David Baltimore, a
  biologist, as an indicator that they think
  biology is the future.
• Dr. Baltimore thought we should add
  Neuroscience" to the list above. He saw
  significant growth in this area due to increased
  knowledge of the brain.
• Biology will move to Systems and Computation
  since all data will be known. Experimental to
  computational. Research will be simulated on the
  computer. Molecules will be designed on the
  computer.
• Significant advancements will occur in the major
  categories of
• Telecommunications with advanced remote 3-D
  interactive environments,
• Nanostructures where we increasing work at
  nano-scale with experimentation and
  Biotechnology.

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What will be the emerging technologies in the
next 20 to 30 Years?

• Information Technology that interfaces with Human
  perception will lead to exciting new was for
  buildings to know who you are and where you are.
  Smart Rooms where when you walk in the room
  will know who you are and your information will
  follow.
• Cognitive Neuroscience will explore new
  dimensions in Human and Computer Intelligence
  Interface (HCII)
• Nanotechnologies will move to the artificial
  front with an ability of molecules to replicate
  themselves exponentially.
• Biochemical Sciences , the physical sciences are
  moving more towards bio-hybrid investigation.
• NSF is currently pushing - Nanotechnology,
  Biotechnology and Information Technology.

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What are the emerging technologies of the near
term that will have significant change impact?

• Human Brain- Machines Interfaces will allow human
  brains to control artificial devices designed to
  restore lost memory and motor functions.
• Flexible Transistors will use new organic
  molecules or polymers to replace silicon.
• Data Mining is a rapidly emerging technology
  that seeks new algorithms for sorting huge data
  bases.
• Microphotonics technologies such as micromirrors,
  silicon waveguides or microscopic bubbles for
  directing light on a microscopic scale that will
  make a major impact on telecommunications.
• Microfluids that can be mastered at a microscale
  to automate key experiments for genomics and
  pharmaceutical development, even implantable
  drug-discovery devices- all on mass produced
  chips.
• Use of DNA Chips that can be custom built in the
  lab to discover genetically distinct classes of
  disease.

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What are the scientific categories of the future?

• Geology combined with biology and also
  Computational Biology or Bioinformatics.
• Optical Imaging and Geobiology or the study of
  microbes in rocks. This is a combination of
  geology and biology.
• Engineering will become Bioengineering.
• Computational Molecular Biology which is still
  undefined but comprised of bioinformatics.
  Systems and how they function
• Leading edge development in science occurs at the
  edge where science and engineering meet in lab
  environments that find a cheap way to experiment
  in the particular field.
• HCII deals with new ways in which humans and the
  computer interface.
• Beckman has three interdisciplinary focuses from
  which they believe new science will emerge in the
  field of Nanosceinces, Biological Intelligence,
  Human Computer Intelligent interface.

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What are the scientific categories of the future?

• Applied Cognitive Psychology, which understands
  Human Factors and technology interface in
  Neuroscience. We foresee new ways to understand
  more about how the mind can help people transcend
  handicaps and how the elderly can control balance
  to prevent falls and reduce hips injuries.
• Microfluids will enable scientists to minimize
  that quantities of material they are handling to
  a few molecules that they use in larger
  quantities on the lab bench and in hoods leading
  to the lab bench on a chip for some chemical
  manipulations.
• Combinatorial Chemistry has been around but will
  manipulate new compounds in developing new
  materials for hybrid purposes e.g. new light
  emitting material.
• We will see continued blending of the types of
  bioresearch. Beckman has clear themes of this
  type of blending. (Biological Intelligence,
  Molecular Electronic Nanaostructures,
  Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction).

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What are the next areas of research to develop?

• Research into the human brain, CNS or
  Computational Neuroscience. Also Macromolecular
  Machines.
• All disciplines will be focusing their expertise
  on biology. Genetics is the only science
  intrinsic to biology. All others are external.
• Chemistry will be very important. One example is
  Harvard's new chemistry/biology building.
• Development of Advanced Telecommunications
  inwearable computers, with walls that have
  point _at_ screen perception and know your data.
• Advanced Displays developed for investigations in
  Visualization Labs. Discoveries will lead to
  new remote Virtual Communications for enhanced
  telecommunications, chalk talks on advanced
  I-walls.

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What are the next areas of research to develop?

• Research will develop in two forms
• Remote- which through use of the internet,
  Remote Collaboration with transfer of samples.
• Proximate- which requires the investigators to
  be next to each other.
• Neuroengineering will investigate devices
  controlled by the brain for such applications as
  chip controlled prosthetic limbs.

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How will computers change the laboratory?

• Computer will greatly enhance the development of
  Visualization laboratories.
• Remote imaging will allow instrumentation such as
  TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) to send
  enhanced images on the web.
• Proactive computers that recognize peoples
  emotions and physiology
• Unknown because there is no standard computer to
  design around, however, he did see flat screens
  above the bench tops for protocols
• More dry, less wet labs. Smaller groups of people
• Dr. Mayo has his own SGI Cray supercomputer and
  has just received a 2 million grant for new
  computers. Faster, more powerful computers will
  be needed to search the genetic databases.
• If we go to experimentation on chips labs will
  be more like fabrication facilities versus
  traditional chemistry lab bench.

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How will computers change the laboratory?

• Multidisciplinary. Pushing towards Tier 1
  Research Institution
• Computers will be used in several ways
• As we develop ideas the ability to search large
  data bases of various kinds for specific cases,
• The ability to do optimization through
  automated processes and simulation to eliminate
  variations.
• Computers in the advanced interactive display
  technology will involve more realistic virtual
  worlds. Beckman has applied for funding from NSF
  for development of a 6-sided cave.
• (Currently operates a 4 sided virtual reality
  cave).
• If we go to experimentation on chips labs will be
  more like fabrication facilities versus
  traditional chemistry lab bench.
• Multidisciplinary. Pushing towards Tier 1
  Research Institution

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How will the PI lead, interdisciplinary team
based model evolve?

• People who connect fields are important. The PI
  lead team will remain.
• In the past 20 years, according to Dr. Baltimore,
  there has been almost a doubling of support
  people and money per faculty, inflation adjusted.
  He saw the PI lead, team based model continuing
  but with larger numbers of students.
• This model should continue but it will be smaller
  with less emphasis on experimentation and more on
  computation.
• The team concept is stable, we believe highly in
  the interdisciplinary team as the most effective
  way to discover new ideas and solve problems

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How will the PI lead, interdisciplinary team
based model evolve?

• New Teams will come together to investigate new
  problems. DNA computing, devices to help disabled
  people from a broad range of disciplines.
• Many people are curious way interdisciplinary
  research works so well at The Beckman Institute.
  I believe it is because we were
  interdisciplinary from the start and is
  continuously encouraged by our structure and
  three themes of investigation.
• The PI will still be involved in writing and
  applying for grants, administering those grants.
• Much of what is done in Neuroscience is team
  based. Beckman Institute is a highly successful
  team based interdisciplinary structure, which
  makes it difficult to be evaluated by traditional
  departmental structure for tenure.

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What type of equipment will we see?

• Cryogenic EM's that go beyond x-ray
  crystallography to study macromolecular
  structures will be hitting their prime in 20
  years.
• Electrical engineers who are interested in micro
  instrumentation will be collaborating with
  biologists to do microfabrication with
  micromachines.
• Cryo EM - large scale resolution with some
  dynamics. (big things, this is the future)
• X-ray crystallography - spatial resolution with
  no dynamics. (small things)
• NMR - dynamic molecules. (small things).
• NMR will increase with larger, more powerful
  magnets still remaining
  heavier (3 tons) than supported on lab floor.
• Although miniaturization will be more prevalent,
  we havent been able to make
  magnets small. NMR will increase with larger ,
  more powerful fields. Larger
  NMR, higher magnetic fields (950)
  which may be difficult to predict how large
  based in core labs.
• Mass Spectrometry will develop and move from ICR
  to PMS.
• Virtual laboratory, Simulation unit operations

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Will Labs be more or less automated, use robotics?

• Nanotechnology labs will have very small machines
  that will be moving around very small numbers of
  molecules and doing it many times more.
• Dr. Mayo could see remote core labs, say an NMR
  lab for example, where you could send samples and
  manipulate the research remotely over the
  internet.
• Future labs will have to allow for equipment to
  go out of date in two years. This computer
  automated equipment will need to move around and
  connect up to low-power devices.
• Computers will become more integral to the
  intelligent environment.
• Chemistry will be more manipulated on chips. For
  chips of 10,000 compounds we need algorithms to
  crunch large number databases. These algorithms
  will perform massive parallel screening testing
  operations.

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Will Labs be more or less automated, use robotics?

• People will continue to do the initial, very
  specialized experiments. Robotics and
  nanotechnology are only good for repetitive work.
• Robotics is a tool. Science is still people
  intensive.
• Robots will be used for repetitive tasks like
  setting up crystallization trays, cell culturing,
  etc. It is a function of cost though because
  whereas Amgen may use a robot, Caltech will use a
  grad student.
• We are exploring how people may interface with
  intelligent agents in remote environments.

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Will open labs be more prevalent?

• Modular labs.
• Electronics at a nano-scale will be needing
  controlled environments at a class 10 level.
• More open flexible areas, power and
  communications networks, although devices will go
  to low power or wireless technology.
• Open labs that provide big modules (Beckman based
  on super block concept) that allow subspaces to
  be easily configured.
• Open lab increase communication and shared
  resources as long as we understands the human
  work habits to not cause distraction. Grad
  students play music!
• Hybrid laboratories for neuroscience is best
  which blend the basic investigations in large
  open labs and the specialized instrumentation in
  smaller closed labs.
• Specialized activities that need separation are
  use of UV lasers, cell cultures to prevent
  contamination, radio-nuclear devices for
  isolation, electrophysiology for screening.

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What lab services will be used more, which ones
less?

• Clean room environments needing increased
  vibration isolation, not just in the basement.
• Imaging Labs needing 3-D projection on all
  vertical walls on horizontal surfaces.
• Low power or wireless.
• Computer interactive labs need increasing large
  amounts of power, accessible data and
  communications networks.
• Chemistry will continue to need fixed plumbing,
  fume hoods , there are some givens. The trend
  will be less due to instrumentation we will
  encapsulate many of the gasses in smaller
  quantities.
• Wireless - more

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Will lab benches be as prevalent?

• Lab support will grow. Ratio of people to space
  is declining.
• Neuroscience needs balance of equipment floor
  space and bench space in the lab. (lab module)
  and the adjacent use of shared equipment rooms
  where you can close off and isolate a procedure
• Greater needs for flexibility and adaptability
  will require more moveable equipment areas with
  plug in services

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What do scientists believe will be the ideal lab
of the future?

• Large, open areas with clustered workspaces
  similar to Ray and Charles Eames, A flexible,
  stimulating environment that allows many
  activities. Many opportunities for casual
  interaction. Less institutional structure to
  allow for more free time. Once you get the idea
  you need to react quickly.
• Undergraduate education will change to teach
  students more than one discipline at a time. The
  departmental structure is becoming "defunct."
• At Cambridge, scientists were always drinking tea
  together. In the USA people never have time to
  talk.
• Designed around interaction. Increased
  involvement of computers. Flat screens for
  protocols above the bench.
• Computational and wet activities should be
  physically combined on the same bench. Separation
  creates too much of a class structure.
• Highly interactive imaging display environments
  with advanced cognitive recognition.
• Higher class (Class 10) clean room environments
  with high levels of vibration control.

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What do scientists believe will be the ideal lab
of the future?

• Better cleaner controlled environments, more like
  fabrication facilities
• Places for people to collaborate, privately , one
  on one , I like my car, since I have a captive
  audience.
• Spaces for non scheduled chats , at Beckman we
  meet on the bridges (open lounges)for breakfast
• Interdisciplinary collaboration in one building
  works very well in Beckman.
• Hybrid model for the lab module..
• Environmentally Benign Manufacturing, Wireless
• Transparent Buildings facilities where the
  physical environment and the scientific culture
  are one in how it supports the science and
  therefore becomes transparent because it
  functions harmoniously

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The Design Charrette Lab 2020
An intense, highly interactive process to
understand research data, translate data into new
criteria, explore new ideas, critically evaluate
potential directions
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Establishing Design Criteria Lab 2020
What are the emerging technologies, trends,
changes new criteria?
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Design Criteria-Program
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Design Criteria-Technology
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Design Criteria-Trends
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Exploring Preliminary Ideas Evaluating new
directions
What are the potential new concepts, new systems
ideas?
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What-if Scenarios
Spectrum of Technology
Research Liberated
Scientific Village
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Scenario San Francisco A
Spectrum of Technology
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Scenario Spectrum of Technology San Francisco
A

• What if trends were driving
• Increased Automation Computerization
• Interactive Interdisciplinary Teams
• Flexibility Wet to Dry conversion
• Labs to other space use shift
• Move to open Labs
• Fume Hoods moving outside of lab to alcoves
• Communications as a 5th Utility
  Connectivity
• Constant Volume HVAC for Containment Devices
• Heat Loads from Equipment increasing Watts/SF
• Higher demand for UPS, Conditioned Power,
  Stand-by Power

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Layered
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Hybrid
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Flex-Grid
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Service Zone
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Intelligent Utilities
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Efficiency Systems
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Scenario San Francisco B
Research Liberated
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Scenario Research Liberated from Support
Elements San Francisco B

• What if trends were driving
• Computational vs. Wet Research
• Discovery vs. Work
• Mobile Fluid vs. Fixed Static
• Multiple Teams vs. Individual Investigator
• Computational Physics vs. Chemistry/Biology
• Amorphous vs. Linear
• Intellectually Driven Research vs. Process Driven
• Transitional Programs vs. Compartmentalized
  Programs
• Quality Based vs. Quantity Based
• Emotional vs. Utilitarian
• Virtual Modeled vs. Measured Actual

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Process Driven, Complex Logic
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Intellectual Work with Hard Core
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Pathways to Discovery
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Life Bed with Plug Play
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Scenario Ann Arbor C
Scientific Village
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Scenario The Scientific Village Ann Arbor C

• What if trends were driving
• Increased Computational vs. In-vitro
• Pathways for augmenting Socialization
• Security driven- Biohazard Electronic
• More Sustainable more Green
• Advanced Technology Equipment intense
  Environments
• Flexibility for incremental Growth Change
• Interdisciplinary Virtual Teams
• Just-in-Time vs. Just-in-Case Environments
• Economies of more micro, more computational, more
  mobile

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Pathways to Collaboration
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Triad Cluster
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Wrapper
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Stacked
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Village to City
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Neighborhoods
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Design Evaluation Best Ideas
The process is taking us to new directions!
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We thank the Scientists and Professors who
contributed to Lab2020

• Dr. David Baltimore, President Caltech
• Dr. Jeri Jonas, former Director The Beckman
  Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
• Dr. Carl Hess, Co-Chair Molecular Electronic
  Nanostructures
• Dr. Steve Mayo, Structural Biologist
• Dr. William W. Predebon, Chair Department of
  Mechanical Engineering
• Dr. Thomas Huang, Co-Chair Human Computer
  Intelligence Interactions
• Dr. Jack Dixon, Director Life Sciences
  Institute, The University of Michigan
• Dr. John Abelson, Molecular Biologist
• Dr. Jeffery Moore, Co-Chair MENS
• Dr. Jonathan Sweedler, Professor Department of
  Chemistry
• Dr. Arthur Kramer, Department of Psychology,
  Co-chair HCII

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SmithGroup Lab 2020 Design Participants

• San Francisco Spectrum of Technologies Bill
  Diefenbach AIA, Jack Paul AIA, Eric Kirkland
  PE, Carl Hampson ASID, Ric Pulley, Mark McVay
  AIA
• San Francisco Research Liberated Susan
  OConnell AIA, C. Lin AIA, Roger Hay AIA, Jim
  Brown PE, Mark Kranz AIA, Jack Howard ASID,
• Ann Arbor Scientific Village Jerry Sienkiewicz
  AIA, Ron Henning PE, Paul Urbanek AIA, Rodrigo
  Maniquez, Jeff Hausman AIA, Dale Sass ASLA,
  George Karidis PE, Andy Vazzano AIA
• Research Planning Criteria Guidelines
  Victor Cardona AIA, Bill Diefenbach AIA, Dan
  Olson AIA, Susan OConnell AIA, Sam Bohsali PE
• Lab 2020 Research Project Principal Andy
  Vazzano AIA
• Graphic Design Cathy Jacobs, John Cicala