The One With the pH Scale

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Lesson 9

• The One With the pH Scale

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Question

• What happens when an acid is mixed with water?
• Acids release positive hydrogen ions

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Hydronium Ion

• H2O H H3O

Water hydrogen
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Question

• 2. Why are acids used in many batteries?
• Hydronium ions carry electric charges

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Other Acid Uses page 141

• Acetic Acid Vinegar
• Citric Acid Lemons, limes, oranges
• Ascorbic Acid Vitamin C
• Formic Acid Ants
• Sulfuric Acid Paints, dyes
• Muriatic Acid Cleaners
• Nitric Acid Fertilizers, plastics

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Question

• 3. How does acid affect the environment?
• Carbonic acid and acid rain eat away limestone
  rock

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Question

• 4. What happens when a base is mixed with water?
• Bases accept hydrogen ions

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Hydroxide Ion

• H2O - H OH-

Water hydrogen
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Other Base Uses page 141

• Ammonia Cleaners
• Calcium hydroxide lime (treat lawns)
• Sodium hydroxide lye (soap, oven cleaner)

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Question

• 6. What is used to measure how acidic or basic a
  solution is?
• pH Scale
• pH is related to the amount of hydronium or
  hydroxide ions in solution

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pH Scale

• 0 acidic 7 basic 14

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Question

• What is the difference between pH of 3 and pH of
  1?
• 100 times
• Each pH unit is a tenfold change, so the
  difference between pH 1 and pH 2 is 10.

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Question

• 8. What is a safe way to determine the pH of a
  solution?
• Indicators produce colors according to pH

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Types of Indicators

• Litmus paper, cabbage juice, Hydrangea flower
• These indicators turn red/pink in acidic
  solutions and blue/purple in basic solutions

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Question

• 9. How do you get rid of heartburn?
• Neutralization reaction cancels out the effects
  of an acid and base

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Pop Quiz

• 1.
• 2. Was an acid or base produced?

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• Acids and bases are good conductors of ________.
• 4. Which ion increases in concentration when a
  base is added to water?

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• 5. What is the range of the pH scale?
• 6. What process does an antacid undergo to
  relieve heartburn?
• 7. Indicators are useful because they change
  ______.

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• Acids have a pH range of _________.
• Bases have a pH range of ________.
• How many times more acidic is a pH of 3 from a
  pH of 7?