Louis Napoleon

1
Louis Napoleon
2
Birth and Early Life

• Son of King and Queen of Holland (Napoleon Is
  ???)
• Artillery Specialist
• With Italian Patriots in 1830 Italian revolutions.

3
Attempt to Establish Himself

• Napoleons son died in 1836
• Became leader of Napoleonists Faction in France
• Attempted to overthrow Louis-Philippe in
• 1838
• 1836
• Fled to England

4
February Revolution - 1848

• Member of Constituent Assembly
• Ran for president in 1850
• Won with a majority of votes

5
Louis Napoleon

• National Assembly creates constitution with
  strong presidency.
• Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte wins election

6
Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon III

• Coup detat - seized power from the national
  assembly Dec. 2, 1851
• Plebiscite (national vote) gave power to create
  new constitution
• Second plebiscite makes position hereditary

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Industrial and Urban Modernization

• National network of trains
• Redesigned banking system
• Redesigned much of Paris
• new boulevards, squares, parks, bridges

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Crimean War (1854-1855)

• France Great Britain vs. Russia
• Ottomans give France right to protect Christians
  in Ottoman Empire.
• Russia tries to expand into Ottoman Empire
• France G.B. help Turks

11
Effect of the Crimean War

• More soldiers die of starvation, frostbite,
  disease than fighting
• Czar Nicholas died, Czar Alexander doesnt want
  to fight, war ends

12
Franco-Prussian War

• Napoleon III declares war on Prussia in 1870
• fear of growing Prussian strength
• excuse Spanish throne offered to Prussian
  relative
• Defending Mother France

13
France Defeated

• France slow to mobilize
• Napoleon Captured (abdicates and flees to
  England)
• National Assembly makes peace

14
France Loses

• 1871 Franco Prussian War Cartoon by Nast.
  Engraved cartoon by Thomas Nast, the most famous
  political cartoonist of the nineteenth century.
  Title is "Thrown Completely Into the Shade." The
  cartoon shows the German Kaiser standing
  triumphantly in front of a map of France, with a
  portrait of Napoleon behind him. The Kaisers
  shadow is covering Napoleon, who looks completely
  defeated

15
Commune of Paris

• National Assembly demands back rents from
  Prussian seige, stops payment to National Guard
• Uprising - Workers establish Commune of Paris, a
  socialist government in Paris

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Commune Government

• Decentralize city governments
• War on propertied classes and the Church
• Establish a 10 hour work day.

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Civil War Breaks Out

• National Assembly calls in army to attack Commune
• Commune supporters burn public buildings
• Bloody Week - May 1871
• Military arrests 40,000
• Kills 20,000

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Third Republic

• 1875 - New Constitution
• Two houses in parliament
• Weak presidency

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Challenges to the 3rd Republic

• General Georges Boulanger
• urges revenge on Prussians
• attempts coup detat
• loses and runs to Belgium

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Challenges to the 3rd Republic

• Panama Canal
• Panama Company fails - stockholders lose money
• Scandalized government

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Dreyfus Affair

• Alfred Dreyfus - Jewish army officer arrested for
  selling military secrets to Germans
• Life sentence on Devils Island
• 1897 - evidence he was framed
• Split French people

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Significance of Challenges

• Republican form of government was able to survive
  in France (FINALLY!)