Emergency Scene

1
Emergency Scene Management
2
Introduction to First Aid
3
What is First Aid

• Emergency help given to an injured or suddenly
  ill person using readily available materials

4
The Objectives of First Aid

• Preserve Life
• Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse
• Promote recovery

5
Who is a First Aider?

• Person who takes charge in an emergency
• Provides help to the injured

6
Why is first Aid important?

• Early recognition
• Keep someone alive
• Promote healing

7
What can you do as a First Aider?

• Get assistants
• Principles of Good Samaritan
• Act in good faith
• Tell person who you are
• Get permission
• Use skill and care
• Do not leave victim

8
When can you leave a victim?

• Medical help arrives
• You hand over victim to another first aider
• The victim no longer wants your help

9
What is Medical Help?

• Treatment given by, or under the supervision of,
  a medical doctor at an emergency scene, while
  transporting a casualty, or at a medical facility

10
What is a casualty?

• A person who is injured
• Person who suddenly becomes ill

11
Age Guidelines for a Casualty

• Adult
• 8 yrs. or older
• Child
• From 1 to 8 yrs.
• Infant
• Under 1 year
• Use these guidelines
• First aid
• CPR
• Consider size of casualty

12
True or False Questions

• 1) The Good Samaritan Laws will protect you no
  matter what.
• False. One can not perform something one is not
  qualified to do.
• 2) If the person is unconscious you cannot touch
  him or her.
• False. Implied consent
• 4) First Aid is considered medical help, if
  one has taken a first aid course.
• False. Only a medical doctor can perform medical
  help.

13
T/F Questions Continued

• 5) An ambulance attendant gives medical help
  because he works under supervision of a doctor.
• True
• 6) A choking person who is unable to breathe is
  called a casualty.
• True
• 7) The term infant describes a baby who is less
  than one year old.
• True
• 8) A very small nine year old should be treated
  as an adult when you give first aid
• False. Size of victim

14
Universal precautions in First Aid

• Serious infections
• Blood borne infections
• Air borne infections

15
Blood borne Infections

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C

16
HIV

• Responsible for AIDs
• Affects bodys immune system
• Can not fight off diseases
• No vaccine exist to protect people
• Protection is the best defense

17
Hepatitis B

• Viral disease of the liver
• Damage to liver
• Cancer of liver
• Vaccine does exist and first responders usually
  receive the vaccine

18
Hepatitis C

• Same symptoms a hepatitis B
• But no vaccine

19
Air Borne (coughing sneezing)

• Common cold
• Tuberculosis
• Cough and blood from lungs

20
Universal Precautions in First Aid

• Wash hands
• Wear vinyl or latex gloves
• Handle sharp objects with care
• Mask or face shield for AR
• Mask have one-way valve
• If blood spill, absorb with paper towel
• Disinfect with bleach and water
• ¼ cup in 4 liters of water
• Let stand for 20 minutes

21
Principles of emergency scene management (ESM)

• Scene survey
• Primary Survey
• Secondary Survey
• Ongoing Casualty Care

22
Scene Survey

• Take charge
• Assess hazards and make area safe
• Assess history, number of casualties and how they
  were injured
• Assess responsiveness
• Call 911 if any of the above is a problem

23
Primary Survey

• Where you examine the casualty for life
  threatening conditions
• ABC
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation

24
Secondary Survey

• Personal medical history
• Vital signs baseline
• Look for secondary injuries with a detailed
  head-to-toe examination
• The above step may be omitted if first aid for
  life-threatening has been given and medical help
  is close by

25
Ongoing Casualty Care

• Keep casualty comfortable
• Monitor his vitals (ABCs)
• Give oral report when handover victim to medical
  help
• Emergency scene management starts with scene
  survey and ends when hand over victim to medical
  help

26
Questions

• 1) When approaching and emergency scene, the
  first thing one should do is take the lead and
  try to get someone to help.
• True
• 2) At a car crash site, you give first aid
  without worrying about further dangers to
  yourself and the casualty.
• False. Do not want a second victim.
• 3) To give appropriate first aid, you should
  check how many people are hurt and how badly.
• True

27
Questions Continued

• 4) Before you touch an injured person, you
  should introduce yourself and ask if you can
  help.
• True
• If you think the victims neck has been injured,
  tell him not to move. Steady his neck with your
  hands or show a bystander how to do this.
• True