Introduction to Telecommunication

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Introduction to Microwaves Technologies

• A Synthetic Overview
• By Fabio Urbani
• Department of
• Engineering Technology

Brownsville (TX) October 16 2002
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WHOAMI

• Ph.D. in Electronics Engineering (1997)
• His research interests are in the areas of
  microwave and millimeter wave components
  including active antennas. In particular he has
  been working on electromagnetic characterization
  of microwave electronic devices, on propagation
  and radiation on non conventional media, on the
  solution of telegraphers equations for Non
  Uniform Transmission Lines using Confluent
  Hypergeometric Functions and on the
  generalization of the Method of Lines (MoL).
• BS Degree in Electronics Engineering (1994)
• MMIC circuit design
• Telecommunication Industry (1998-2002)
• Two year's experience in Project Management
• Two year's experience in Process Design
• Four year's experience in Pre Sales Technical
  Support
  
• Two year's experience in Systems Analysis
• Four year's experience as an Independent
  Engineering Consultant (1994-1998)
  
• Five year's experience as a Technical Lecturer
  (1989-1994)

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Summary

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Frequency Range

• 300 MHz to 30 GHz
• Wavelength 1m to 1cm

• Millimetric Waves (up to 300 GHz)
• Wavelength up to 10 mm

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Microwave Engineering

• From 1 to 100 GHz
• From 30 cm to 3 mm

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Frequency Effects

• Propagation time for electrical effects is
  comparable with the period of oscillating
  currents and charges in the system

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Consequences

• Circuit Size comparable with ?
• Lumped Circuit Elements replaced by TRANSMISSION
  LINES model

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Governing Equations

• Kirchhoffs Laws and Voltage-Current concept no
  longer suffices for an adequate description
  
• Analysis in term of a description of the Electric
  and Magnetic Field associated with the device

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Maxwells Equations

• Derive from
• Gauss and Faradays Laws
• By application of the Duality Theorem
• Can be expressed in the
• Time Domain
• Frequency Domain

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Time Domain

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Frequency Domain

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Constitutive Relations

• Losses
• Linearity
• Anisotropy
• Homogeneity

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Boundary Conditions

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Technology Challenges

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Waveguides

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Waveguides

• Micromachined, passive waveguide structures
  (f100 GHz)

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Planar Structures

• Microstrip Technology(Ferrite Device)

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Planar Structures

• Hybrid Technology

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Active Elements

• MMIC Circuit with passive and active elements

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Power Generation

• Magnetron
• Electromagnetic cavities and electron beam
• Traveling Wave Tube (TWT)
• Electromagnetic cavities and electron beam
• Klystron
• Slow-wave circuits and electron beam

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Magnetron

• Features
• KW in CW
• MW Peak pulsed op.
• Uses
• High-Power radar systems
• Microwave Heating

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Traveling Wave Tube

• Features
• Up to 10 W
• Uses
• Satellite communication

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Klystron

• Oscillator or Amplifier
• Low Power
• Microwave Receivers
• High Power

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Antennas

• Microstrip Antenna Array

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Application Areas

• Antennas
• Mobile Communication
• Remote Sensing
• Medical Applications
• MMIC Design and LAN
• EMC

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Frequency Bands

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Antennas

• GPS Active Antennas
• Adaptive antennas
• Antennas Array
• Reflector Antennas
• Low Observable Antennas
• Conformal High Performance Arrays

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Mobile Communication

• Scattering Propagation Models
• Electromagnetic simulation with CAD software
  (Touchstone-Libra and HFSS)
  
• GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) UMTS
  (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
  

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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EM Fields Biological Systems

• Electromagnetic pollution, dosimetry and
  protection
  
• Biological effects and interaction mechanism

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Remote Sensing

• Microwave Passives Sensors Design for Atmospheric
  Parameters Measurement
  
• Satellite Remote Sensing of Precipitation
  Intensity for Cloudy Systems of Various
  Characteristics
  
• Prospecting Radar (GPR) for the Characterization
  of the Underground Properties

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Medical Applications

• Microwave hyperthermia for cancer therapy
• A therapy using non-ionizing microwave radiation
• Diagnostic with bioimpedences (BIA)
• Analysis of resistance and reactance in the human
  body

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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MMIC Design LAN

• MMIC design in the 0.5-40 GHz frequency range
• Wireless Communication and Local Area Networks

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Electromagnetic Compatibility 1

• Electronics in applications for vehicles
• Telecommunications
• Medical devices
• Avionics

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Electromagnetic Compatibility 2

• Information processing
• Electro-explosive devices (EEDs)
• Satellite systems and subsystems
• Military ships (surface and subsurface)
• Radio transmitters and receivers

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Potential Research Areas

• EMC
• Wireless Networks
• Remote Sensing
• Energy Conversion (SPS)

• Frequency Range
• Governing Equations
• Constitutive Relations
• Boundary Conditions
• Technology
• Application Areas
• Advanced Research

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Questions Answers
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Fabio Urbani furbani_at_utb.edu ? 574 6650